博碩士論文 955201085 詳細資訊




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姓名 周宏霖(Hong-lin Jhou)  查詢紙本館藏   畢業系所 電機工程學系
論文名稱 電動車之新型電子煞車暨能量回收方法
(A Novel Method of Electric Braking with Energy Recovery for Electric Vehicles)
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摘要(中) 本論文主要針對電動車常用的無刷直流馬達,提出一個新型電子煞車暨能量回收方法,將煞車多餘的動能轉換為電能,回充至電池端。藉此改善電動車續航力不足的缺點,並增加使用者騎乘的安全性與舒適性。本文所提出的能量回收方法,僅藉由改變馬達正常運轉的電子柵位訊號,以達到可控制反向扭力煞車的目的。與現有的方法比較而言,不需要額外的電路轉換,或者改變馬達的繞組結構來達成煞車能量回收。本文除了在煞車做能量回收外,亦設計了回油門的能量回收機制,讓電動車在安全性上,有如一般燃油車的引擎煞車效果。此外,為了避免馬達在高速運轉時,瞬間回收電流太大而造成電池的傷害。因此,利用程式演算法,控制回收電流以保護電池並且提供一個平順可靠的煞車扭力。最後,經模擬結果驗證所提方法的可行性,並以實際電動車加入能量回收策略後,可提升整體續航力約16%以上。
摘要(英) This thesis proposes a novel method of the electric braking with energy recovery for the brushless DC motor (BLDCM) of the electric vehicle (EV). The proposed method could convert the kinetic energy into the electric one to recover the battery during the braking period. Thus, the driving range of the EV can be increased by the energy recovery; furthermore, the safety and comfort of the driver can be improved by the electric braking. The proposed method could change the switching signals of motor driver to control the inverse torque during the braking period. Compared with the presented methods, the proposed solution achieves the goal of the energy recovery without additional converter or changing windings of the motor stator. In addition to the braking period, the period of release throttle is included in the energy recovery mechanism such that the EV has a similar function of the engine brake for the driving safety. Furthermore, the battery may be injured by the surge recovery current in the high speed duration. Therefore, the proposed strategy could control the current to protect the battery and provides a smooth and reliable brake. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed method is proven by simulation results and the driving range of the EV could be increased about 16% through the demonstration of experimental results.
關鍵字(中) ★ 電動車
★ 無刷直流馬達
★ 電子煞車
★ 能量回收
關鍵字(英) ★ Brushless DC motor
★ electric vehicle
★ electric brake
★ energy recovery
論文目次 目 錄
中文摘要............................................Ⅰ
英文摘要............................................Ⅱ
誌 謝............................................Ⅲ
目 錄............................................Ⅳ
圖 目 錄............................................Ⅵ
表 目 錄............................................Ⅸ
第一章 緒論..........................................1
1.1 研究動機與目的...............................1
1.2 文獻回顧.....................................2
1.3 內容大綱.....................................4
第二章 無刷直流馬達介紹..............................5
2.1 前言.........................................5
2.2 本文研究之馬達簡介...........................6
2.3 換相原理.....................................8
2.3.1 霍爾元件...............................8
2.3.2 反流器驅動法...........................9
2.4 無刷直流馬達之數學模型......................10
第三章 BLDCM能量回收原理與分析......................13
3.1 BLDCM正常運轉分析...........................13
3.2 BLDCM能量回收分析...........................15
3.3 煞車力矩與馬達轉速對能量回收的影響..........23
3.3.1 煞車力矩的影響........................24
3.3.2 馬達轉速的影響........................25
3.4 能量回收的限制..............................26
第四章 系統規劃與方法實現...........................28
4.1 系統架構....................................28
4.1.1 電動機車系統架構......................28
4.1.2 馬達控制器系統架構....................29
4.2 馬達控制器系統功能介紹......................29
4.2.1 電流比較器與限電流型脈波寬度控制器....29
4.2.2 微處理器..............................30
4.2.3 訊號解碼器............................33
4.2.4 功率開關驅動電路......................37
第五章 模擬與實驗結果...............................38
5.1 實驗照片及環境..............................38
5.2 馬達正常運轉之模擬與實驗....................40
5.2.1 電路模擬..............................40
5.2.2 電路實驗..............................44
5.3 馬達能量回收之模擬與實驗....................45
5.3.1 電路模擬..............................45
5.3.2 電路實驗..............................50
5.4 電動車續航力實驗............................59
第六章 結論與未來研究方向...........................61
6.1 結論........................................61
6.2 未來展望....................................61
參考文獻............................................63
作者簡介............................................67
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指導教授 徐國鎧(Kuo-kai Shyu) 審核日期 2008-7-18
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