華人企業員工身心健康促進的有效因應因子：情緒智能、心理接受與靜坐措施之探討

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初麗娟(Li-Chuan Chu) 查詢紙本館藏

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華人企業員工身心健康促進的有效因應因子：情緒智能、心理接受與靜坐措施之探討

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摘要(中)

本篇論文主要探討情緒智能、心理接受與靜坐措施是否能有效作為華人企業員工身心健康促進的有效因應因子。整篇文章是由三項研究所構成，其分別是研究一、華人企業員工身心健康促進的有效因應因子：情緒智能與靜坐措施之探討。研究二、垂直式/水平式之個人主義或集體主義對身心健康之影響：情緒表達中介效果之驗證。研究三、華人企業員工身心健康促進的有效因應因子：心理接受與靜坐措施之探討。
研究一主要探討在華人文化環境下，情緒智能對身心健康的影響。同時，進一步就靜坐對身心健康影響之內在歷程，情緒智能的中介效果進行驗證。最後，再輔以實驗研究設計，比較八週靜坐訓練後，靜坐實驗組是否相較控制組在情緒智能與身心健康方面有顯著地改善。研究一橫斷面調查採結構式問卷進行便利抽樣，以新竹以北之企業全職員工為主要對象，共寄發500份問卷，得有效回卷共351份，有效回卷率為70﹪。另為考量靜坐對情緒智能與負面心理健康之影響，本研究亦調查二大佛教團體在職同修。而研究一實驗設計主要以中央大學研究所學生為受測對象，將20位自願參加實驗研究的受試者，隨機分派成兩組（靜坐實驗組與控制組）。研究一橫斷面調查發現，情緒智能（包括樂觀主義/情緒調節、情緒評估）對負面心理健康（包括壓力知覺、軀體化症、焦慮和失眠、社交困難或嚴重憂鬱）呈顯著負向預測。此外，靜坐對負面心理健康（包括壓力知覺、焦慮和失眠）的負向預測有部份是藉由情緒智能的中介效果而達成。實驗研究結果發現，實驗組於八週靜坐訓練後，在情緒智能（包括樂觀主義/情緒調節、情緒評估、情緒運用）、負面心理健康（包括壓力知覺、軀體化症、焦慮和失眠、嚴重憂鬱）改善程度是明顯優於控制組。惟研究一橫斷面調查發現，情緒智能構面－情緒運用對負面心理健康（如軀體化症、焦慮和失眠、嚴重憂鬱）呈顯著正向預測。此項結果顯然與西方文獻證實的有所差異。換言之，情緒智能的某些能力對身心健康的影響，或許受限文化因素的影響而有不同的效果展現。
因而，我們展開另一項橫斷面實徵性研究，主要探討個人文化價值、情緒智能（特別是情緒表達）與身心健康三者間之關係。研究二亦以結構式問卷進行便利抽樣，研究對象是以20歲以上的台灣全職員工為主，共寄發240份問卷，得有效回卷共162份，有效回卷率為68﹪。研究二結果顯示，當個人文化價值愈傾向水平式個人主義者，其愈擅於情緒的表達，進而有助身心健康的發展。然而，當個人文化價值愈傾向垂直式/水平式集體主義者，其對情緒表達抱持更多負面態度。而此情緒表達負面態度將不利身心健康的發展。
從前二項研究結果所顯示，情緒智能中的某些能力（如情緒運用、情緒表達）對身心健康的影響，確實會受文化價值的影響而有不同效果展現。以集體文化為主流價值的華人社會，為追求群體和諧，個人往往被要求控制自我的情緒。因此，久而久之的情緒壓力承載，確實不利於身心健康的發展。因此，我們將進行第三項橫斷面實徵性調查，驗證心理接受（Psychological acceptance）在我們傳統華人文化社會，是否有助身心健康發展。同時，進一步就靜坐對身心健康影響之內在歷程，心理接受的中介效果進行驗證。研究三仍以結構式問卷進行便利抽樣，以新竹以北企業全職員工對象，共寄發350份問卷，有效回卷共271份，有效回卷率為77﹪。另為考量靜坐對心理接受及主觀幸福感之影響，本研究以台灣禪宗佛教會新竹道場（覺功精舍）在職的同修進行問卷調查。研究結果顯示，心理接受程度愈高者，其主觀的幸福感亦愈高。其中包括了有較高的工作滿意度、較佳的身心健康。而研究結果亦證實靜坐對主觀幸福感（包括工作滿意度、心理健康、身體健康）的正向預測，有部份是透過心理接受的中介效果而達成。　　　　　
本篇論文最主要貢獻有三：一是證實情緒智能對身心健康影響，會受文化因素影響而有不同效果展現。二是證實心理接受是繼壓力知覺後，另一項高度預測身心健康的有效因子。三是靜坐對身心健康的影響歷程，情緒智能、心理接受二者均扮演相當重要的中介角色。

關鍵字(中)

★ 身心健康
★ 情緒智能
★ 心理接受
★ 靜坐措施
★ 垂直式/水平式之個人主義或集體主義
★ 情緒表達

關鍵字(英)

論文目次

第一篇　緒論…………………………………………………………………1
第二篇華人企業員工身心健康促進的有效因應因子：情緒智能與靜坐
措施之探討（研究一）………………………………………………7
1.1 文獻回顧……………………………………………………………………7
1.1.1 情緒智能之定義及理論模型…………………………………………7
1.1.2 情緒智能對身心健康影響之實證研究………………………………14
1.1.3 情緒智能、壓力知覺與身心健康之整體性改善：靜坐措施之效15
1.1.4 靜坐之定義與理論基礎…………………………………………….15
1.1.5 靜坐與身心健康之實證研究………………………………………17
1.2　研究目的、架構與假說………………………………………………20
1.2.1 研究目的………………………………………….…………………20
1.2.2 研究架構（橫斷面研究）……………………….…………………20
1.2.3 研究假說（橫斷面研究）……………………………………….…22
1.2.4 研究架構（實驗研究）……………………………………………22
1.2.5 研究假說（實驗研究）……………………………………………23
1.3　研究方法………………………………………………………………23
1.3.1 研究方法（橫斷面研究）…………………………………………23
1.3.1.1 研究對象………………………………………………………24
1.3.1.2 研究工具及變項………………………………………………25
情緒智能（EI）量表…………………………………………26
壓力知覺量表…………………………………………………26
一般健康量表-28 (GHQ-28）…………………………………27
靜坐……………………………………………………………27
1.3.2 研究方法（實驗研究）…………………………………………28
1.3.2.1 研究對象………………………………………………………28
1.3.2.2 實驗設計………………………………………………………28
1.3.2.3 研究工具及變項………………………………………………29
1.4　研究結果………………………………………………………………29
1.4.1 研究結果（橫斷面研究）…………………………………………29
1.4.1.1 研究工具之信度………………………………………………29
1.4.1.2 資料處理………………………………………………………29
1.4.1.3 主要研究變項間之相關分析…………………………………30
1.4.1.4 迴歸分析：主要變項的預測能力與中介效果………………32
1.4.2 研究結果（實驗研究）……………………………………………39
1.4.2.1資料處理………………………………………………………39
1.4.2.2 人口統計變量卡方檢定………………………………………39
1.4.2.3 組內差異比較相依樣本重複量數T檢定……………………39
1.4.2.4組間差異比較獨立樣本T檢定………………………………41
1.5　討論……………………………………………………………………44
第三篇　垂直式/水平式之個人主義或集體主義對身心健康之影響：
情緒表達中介效果之驗證（研究二）……………………………52
2.1 文獻回顧…………………………………………………………………52
2.1.1 情緒表達與身心健康之關係………………………………………52
2.1.2 文化、情緒表達與心理健康之關係………………………………53
2.2　研究目的、架構與假說………………………………………………60
2.2.1 研究目的……………………………………………………………60
2.2.2 研究架構…………………………………………………………61
2.2.3 研究假說……………………………………………………………62
2.3　研究方法……………………………………………………………63
2.3.1 研究對象……………………………………………………………63
2.3.2 研究工具及變項……………………………………………………65
垂直式/水平式個人主義或集體主義量表……………………66
情緒表達量表…………………………………………………66
一般健康量表-28 (GHQ-28）…………………………………67
2.3.3 量表的轉譯…………………………………………………………67
2.4　研究結果………………………………………………………………67
2.4.1 研究工具之信度……………………………………………………67
2.4.2資料處理……………………………………………………………68
2.4.3主要研究變項間之相關分析………………………………………68
2.4.4迴歸分析：主要變項的預測能力與中介效果……………………70
2.5　討論……………………………………………………………………78
第四篇　華人企業員工身心健康促進的有效因應方式：心理接受與
靜坐措施之探討（研究三）……………………………………84
3.1 文獻回顧………………………………………………………………86
3.1.1 心理接受之理論基礎：關係框架理論…………………………86
3.1.2 心理接受之本質與意涵…………………………………………88
3.1.3 心理接受對身心健康影響之實證研究…………………………90
3.1.4心理接受、靜坐經驗與主觀幸福感三者間之關係…………91
3.2　研究目的、架構與假說…………………………………………92
3.2.1 研究目的………………………………………………………92
3.2.2 研究架構………………………………………………………93
3.2.3 研究假說………………………………………………………95
3.3　研究方法…………………………………………………………95
3.3.1 研究對象………………………………………………………95
3.3.2 研究工具及變項………………………………………………97
心理接受量表……………………………………………98
主觀幸福感(subjective well-being)量表…………………98
工作滿意度量表…………………………………98
心理健康量表……………………………………98
身體健康量表……………………………………99
靜坐………………………………………………………99
3.4　研究結果…………………………………………………………99
3.4.1 研究工具之信度………………………………………………99
3.4.2資料處理………………………………………………………100
3.4.3主要研究變項間之相關分析…………………………………100
3.4.4迴歸分析：主要變項的預測能力與中介效果………………101
3.5　討論………………………………………………………………106
第五篇　總結……………………………………………………………109
4.1　管理實務上之應用………………………………………………110
4.2　研究限制…………………………………………………………111
4.3　未來研究方向…………………………………… ………………112
文獻參考…………………………………………………………………114

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指導教授

高尚仁(Henry S.R. Kao)

審核日期

2005-7-13

推文