以熱探針法量測大地材料熱傳導係數之適用性

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姓名

張家銘(Chia-Min Chang) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

土木工程學系

論文名稱

以熱探針法量測大地材料熱傳導係數之適用性
(The study of measuring the thermal conductivity of geotechnical materials with thermal probe method.)

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摘要(中)

熱探針量測法為量測熱傳導係數方法之一，其具有完整理論基礎及使用上的方便性，在實驗室及現地量測中被廣泛應用。本文針對熱探針量測法使用上可能造成誤差之處(鑽孔界面、導熱泥填充、試體尺寸等問題)逐一探討研究，以實驗結果配合統計分析，嘗試建立一套標準之量測步驟。
實驗結果顯示，在熱探針直接埋入試體條件下，具有最好的量測結果；而鑽孔後會造成量測值下降3%~7%，隨淨空值愈大，量測值變異性也隨之增加，因此當岩石在鑽孔條件下量測時，建議縮小淨空值與重覆量測可獲得較準確之量測值。
另就導熱泥使用、電壓輸入量、試體尺寸等問題做系列實驗，由實驗結果建議，導熱泥使用熱傳導係數3W/mK；電壓輸入量9~15Volt；試體寬徑比12.5以上，可得到穩定且準確之量測值。
大地材料量測結果可知，於類岩材料中，熱傳係數值與波速具有相當高之相關係數；但在天然岩石中，超音波量測可反映出岩石孔隙率多寡，但對石英含量高且多孔隙之岩石，則有過大的誤差產生。故超音波在熱傳導係數應用上，應配合岩石礦物組成分析；橫向等向性岩石中，波速與熱傳導係數皆會受到與層面夾角不同而有所變化，二者間關係仍需更多試驗來證明之。

摘要(英)

Thermal probe method is one of the ways to measure thermal conductivity which are applied comprehensively in laboratory and in-situ measurement for the complete rationale and convenience in uses. In this article, some factors, including the clearance between the thermal probe and drilled hole, type of thermal grease, and the relative size of the specimen, that influence the quality of thermal conductivity measurement with thermal probe are investigated. Standard measuring procedures by the implementation of test result and statistical analysis are prepared.
The experimental result showed that method with thermal probe directly buried inside the specimen delivers the best result. However, the value of thermal conductivity will be dropped 3%~7% with the traditional drilled hole, and the variability of result would dominate as the clearance increased. Reducing the clearance and repeating measurement are suggested in order to obtain the more accurate test results.
On the suggestions for the thermal grease uses, voltage input value and relative size of the specimen, experimental result shows that using thermal grease with 3W/mK, keeping the value of voltage input at 9~15Volt, and the aspect ratio of the specimen up to 12.5, delivers the stable and accurate test value.
For the geotechnical materials, the thermal conductivity has the best correlation with P-wave velocity in artificial rocks. As for isotropic rocks, the P-wave velocity can reflect the quantity of the rock porosity, but may produce oversized erroneous in rock with rich quartz content and porous. Thus the P-wave velocity waves might cooperate with rock-forming minerals to establish the relationship between thermal conductivity and P-wave velocity. However, in transversely isotropic rock, the wave velocity and thermal conductivity vary with the inclined angle of the bedding plane. Further research on the relationship between thermal conductivity and P-wave velocity is suggested.

關鍵字(中)

★ 熱傳導係數
★ 超音波速
★ 熱探針量測法

關鍵字(英)

★ thermal conductivity
★ thermal probe method
★ P-wave velocity

論文目次

摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 X
第一章緒論1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 研究方法 1
1.3 論文架構 1
第二章文獻回顧 3
2.1 大地材料基本熱學理論 3
2.2 熱傳導係數之定義 3
2.3 熱傳導係數之量測方法 5
2.3.1 熱探針法 5
2.3.2 熱探針連續量測法 8
2.3.4 熱流計法 10
2.3.5 分割棒法 10
2.3.6 各量測方法比較 11
2.4 熱傳導係數預測模式 12
2.4.1 N相材料之串聯與並聯 12
2.4.2 De Vries and Campbell 模式 13
2.4.3 岩石熱傳導係數預測模式 15
2.5 熱探針量測法之相關研究 18
2.5.1 熱探針法誤差來源探討 18
2.5.2 熱料探針量測法應用於岩石熱傳導係數量測 20
2.6 岩石熱學性質相關參數研究 22
2.7 異向性岩石熱傳導性質 25
第三章實驗規劃 27
3.1 熱探針量測法 27
3.1.1 熱探棒 27
3.1.2 資料擷取系統 29
3.1.3 電源供應器 30
3.2 熱探針連續量測法 31
3.2.1 試驗模具 31
3.2.2 試驗步驟 32
3.3 試體尺寸試驗 36
3.3.1 試驗方法 36
3.3.2 試驗步驟 37
3.4 導熱泥試驗 38
3.4.1 導熱泥填充方式 38
3.4.2 不同導熱泥對量測值之影響 41
3.5 輸入電壓對熱傳導係數之影響 42
3.5.1 實驗方法 42
3.5.2 實驗步驟 42
3.6 淨空對熱傳導係數量測值之影響 44
3.6.1 試驗材料及儀器 45
3.6.2 試驗步驟 45
3.7 類岩材料熱傳導性質試驗 47
3.7.1 試驗材料及儀器 47
3.7.2 試驗步驟 49
3.8岩石熱傳導性質試驗 50
3.8.1 岩石種類 50
3.8.2 試驗儀器 52
3.8.3 試驗步驟 52
3.9 與熱傳導係數相關之各參數實驗 53
3.9.1 超音波波速量測 53
3.9.2 孔隙率試驗 54
第四章實驗結果與討論 55
4.1 試體尺寸對熱傳導係數量測值之影響 55
4.2 導熱泥對熱傳導係數量測值之影響 57
4.2.1 未填充導熱泥之量測結果 57
4.2.2 填充不同導熱泥量測結果 60
4.2.3 導熱泥填充方式不同對量測值之影響 63
4.3 輸入電壓對熱傳導係數量測值之影響 66
4.3.1 石蠟試體在不同電壓值量測結果 66
4.3.2 硬固水泥試體在不同電壓量測結果 69
4.4 淨空對量測熱傳導係數量測值之影響 72
4.4.1 石蠟試體量測結果 72
4.4.2 石蠟實驗結果統計分析 73
4.4.3 膨潤土量測結果 77
4.4.4 硬固水泥試體量測結果 79
4.4.5 不同材料量測結果與前人研究結果比較 82
4.5 類岩材料熱傳導係數與各參數之關係 83
4.6 乾砂熱傳導係數量測結果 86
4.7 天然岩石熱傳導係數量測 89
4.8 橫向等向性岩石熱傳導係數量測 94
4.8.1 熱流在橫向等向性岩石中擴散方程式推導 94
4.8.2 層狀岩石熱傳導係數量測結果 96
4.8.3 層狀岩石熱傳導係數與波速之關係 97
第五章結論與建議 100
5.1 結論 100
5.2 建議 101
參考文獻 102

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指導教授

田永銘(Yong-Ming Tien)

審核日期

2006-7-20

推文