購買成本與時間和數量相依下損耗性產品的最佳定價和補貨週期

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姓名

張瑜紋(Yu-Wen Chang) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

工業管理研究所

論文名稱

購買成本與時間和數量相依下損耗性產品的最佳定價和補貨週期
(Optimal pricing and replenishment cycle for a deteriorating item when purchase cost is time and quantity-dependent)

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摘要(中)

本研究旨在探討單一製造商與單一零售商的通路結構下，探討有限規劃週期內，產品具有指數損耗特性之聯合訂購與定價決策。首先，我們考量到價格對於需求的影響，因此，將需求假設成與價格相關的函數，以線性模組的方式納入模式中思考，並在採購成本會隨著時間和數量變化的機制下，建構以零售商利潤極大化的角度出發之利潤函數，且分析零售商之利潤函數是否會因為銷售價格因子的考量以及不同的採購時點與不同的採購數量而有所改變，進而釐定定價與訂購週期之聯合決策的問題。
全文在固定的計畫水平期間內考量，同時針對三種情況討論相關的聯合定價與訂購週期決策，分別是允許缺貨、不允許缺貨且完全缺貨待補，和不允許缺貨且部分缺貨待。其中最後者的比例為一和時間相關的函數。在以上提及的三種範疇下，分別先證明其利潤函數具有凹函數特性，更根據這些特性，提供一套求解程序，以決定最適的產品銷售售價、最適存貨補充週期和訂購數量，訂定最佳的存貨補充策略。

摘要(英)

The objective of this study is to develop a deterministic inventory model where demand decreases linearly with price, planning horizon is assumed to be finite and the replenishment cycles are constant.Unlike traditional inventory models that seek to minimize cost, the objective of this study is to maximize profit. The net profit maximizing ordering policy and price are determined when purchase cost is time and quantity-dependent.
We consider the cases that do not allow shortages and the ones that allow shortages.
The shortages are completely backlogging and partial backlogging which ensures that the rate of backlogged demand increases as the waiting time to the following replenishment point decreases.

關鍵字(中)

★ 損耗性商品
★ 兩階段定價
★ 部分缺貨待補
★ 完全缺貨待補

關鍵字(英)

★ two-part tariff
★ partial backlogging
★ completely backlogging
★ deteriorating item

論文目次

目錄 I
圖目錄 III
表目錄 IV
第一章緒論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 研究背景 2
1.3 研究目的 6
1.4 研究架構 7
第二章文獻回顧 9
2.1 損耗性存貨模式之相關文獻 9
2.2 數量折扣之相關文獻 11
2.3 需求模式之相關文獻 12
2.4 缺貨與部分缺貨待補之相關文獻 13
2.5 補貨策略之相關文獻 14
2.6 相關文獻與本研究的比較 16
第三章模型建構 18
3.1 模式Ⅰ：不允許缺貨情況之模式建立 18
3.1.1 基本假設與符號說明 18
3.1.2 模型建構 20
3.1.3 以線性需求函數為例討論最佳化 23
3.2 模式Ⅱ：允許缺貨情況下完全缺貨待補之模式建立 26
3.2.1 基本假設與符號說明 26
3.2.2 模型建構 27
3.2.3以線性需求函數為例討論最佳化 32
3.3 模式Ⅲ：允許缺貨情況下與時間相關之部分缺貨待補模式建立 36
3.3.1 基本假設與符號說明 36
3.3.2 模型建構 37
3.3.3以線性需求函數為例討論最佳化 42
第四章數值模擬分析與討論 45
4.1 模擬驗證與比較 45
4.1.1 模式Ⅰ：不允許缺貨情況 46
4.1.2 模式Ⅱ：允許缺貨情況下完全缺貨待補 50
4.1.3 模式Ⅲ：允許缺貨情況下與時間相關之部分缺貨待補 54
4.1.4 三種存貨模式的比較 60
4.2 考慮品項損耗率特性的應用性 61
4.3 購買成本與時間和數量相依機制對利潤的影響 64
第五章結論與未來研究方向 68
參考文獻 70
附錄A：數值模擬分析與討論部分 75

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指導教授

陳振明(Jen-Ming Chen)

審核日期

2004-6-22

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