協同規劃、預測及補貨與即時採購於製造績效增進之研究

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范念慈(Nein-Tzu Fan) 查詢紙本館藏

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企業管理學系

論文名稱

協同規劃、預測及補貨與即時採購於製造績效增進之研究

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摘要(中)

企業間的供需問題一直是實務界與學術界十分重視的，當供應與需求方的資
訊不對稱時，便有可能造成供需的無效率並降低企業的競爭力。JIT(just in time；
即時)生產方式是三十年來相當為學術界推崇的一套營運方式，而其中的JIT 採
購更為JIT 生產的重心之一；CPFR(collaborative planning, forecasting and
replenishment；協同規劃、預測與補貨)則為近年來新興的一套協同合作模式，由
VICS(Voluntary Interindustry Commerce Standards; 美國產業共同商務標準)協會
致力推廣與改善。本研究之內容即圍繞在這兩主題上，研究中欲釐清的問題包
括：JIT 採購對製造績效是否有正面影響、CPFR 對製造績效是否有正面影響以
及CPFR 對JIT 採購是否有正面影響。
本研究以問卷調查與分析的方式對三項主要議題進行探討，首先進行文獻的
收集與歸納。考慮到國內外企業對JIT 採購的認知或有不同，本研究將JIT 採購
歷來文獻提及之變數進行分類、匯整為一份問卷，而非採用文獻中之量表。在
CPFR 部分，則由於文獻中並無CPFR 研究所採用之量表，因此本研究依照VICS
協會發布之CPFR 指導手冊，同時考量本研究之研究目的，自行設計一份調查
CPFR 模式採行程度之問卷。
在研究內容方面，JIT 採購中的許多變數都有文獻支持其對績效的正面影
響，而本研究將這些變項重新匯整，因此本研究在JIT 採購的各種變數對績效的
影響方面屬於驗證型研究，但是在JIT 採購與CPFR 的架構方面則屬於探索性研
究，同時本研究不對特殊產業進行研究。統計分析之結果顯示，JIT 採購對企業
之製造績效有相當顯著的正面效果，而CPFR 可對JIT 採購造成相當顯著的正面
影響，然而對製造績效卻有負面效果。雖然CPFR 對製造績效並無直接的幫助，
但是仍可透過JIT 採購的實施，促使企業的製造績效提升。

關鍵字(中)

★ 製造績效
★ 即時採購
★ 協同規劃預測及補貨

關鍵字(英)

論文目次

摘要......................................... I
目錄.........................................II
圖目錄.......................................IV
表目錄.......................................VI
1. 前言.......................................1
1.1 研究動機..................................1
1.2 研究目的..................................2
1.3 研究範圍..................................3
1.4 論文架構..................................4
2. 文獻探討...................................5
2.1 即時採購..................................5
2.1.1 JIT(just-in-time；即時).................5
2.1.2 JIT 採購................................7
2.1.3 JIT 採購與買方績效.....................15
2.1.4 JIT 採購的問題.........................17
2.2 協同規劃、預測與補貨(CPFR) ..............20
2.2.2 CPFR 架構..............................21
2.2.3 CPFR 指導原則(roadmap) ................21
2.2.4 CPFR 九步驟(nine-step) ................23
2.2.6 2004 年發布之CPFR 模式.................27
2.2.7 CPFR 的相關研究........................28
2.2.8 CPFR 實行的障礙........................31
3. 研究方法..................................33
3.1 研究架構.................................33
3.2 問卷設計與前測...........................35
3.3 前測結果與研究架構修正...................38
4. 統計分析..................................42
4.1 因素分析.................................42
4.2 信度分析.................................44
4.3 敘述統計.................................45
4.4 相關分析.................................51
4.5 T 檢定...................................57
4.6 結構模式.................................59
4.7 假設檢定結果與管理意涵...................62
5. 結論與建議................................65
5.1 結論.....................................65
5.2 研究限制.................................65
5.3 對未來研究之建議.........................66
參考文獻.....................................68

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指導教授

何應欽(Ying-Chin Ho)

審核日期

2005-7-7

推文