市場導向與跨組織整合對新產品開發績效影響相關之研究

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劉懿靚(Yi-Ching Liu) 查詢紙本館藏

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企業管理學系

論文名稱

市場導向與跨組織整合對新產品開發績效影響相關之研究
(A Research into the Effects of Market-Orientation and Inter-Organizational Integration on New Product Development Performance)

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摘要(中)

隨著後熊彼得(neo-Schumpeterian)時代的來臨，產業脈動速度加速，創新已然成為企業獲利之致勝關鍵。尤其，新產品開發績效更擔負著企業市場表現的重要角色(Linder, 2006；Sharma and Lacey, 2004)。不乏成功的例子顯示，重視顧客需求能為企業帶來良好的新產品開發績效；同時，亦有許多強調跨組織整合的企業，通過與供應商、顧客的合作獲取創新優勢，在新產品開發績效上獲得亮眼的成績。
在新產品開發的過程中，一個強調顧客需求的企業，將會以市場導向為指導原則，跨組織整合的價值活動就在市場導向的氛圍下進行。無論是透過內部跨部門整合、或是外部跨組織整合，企業所開發出的新產品，都將接受市場反應的檢測。最後，市場檢測的結果終將會使企業對其市場導向之內涵重新確認。因此，市場導向和跨組織整合是一個動態的搭配過程，透過不斷地調整以追求最佳的新產品開發績效。
過去文獻對市場導向多數以「組織文化」的方式定義；而跨組織整合的內涵，多數僅就內部跨部門整合、或是外部跨組織整合個別進行研究對新產品開發績效的影響，二者多以主要變數的角色出現。本研究將從搭配的觀點，輔以Naver and Slater (2004)對市場導向之新定義，探討市場導向與跨組織整合對新產品發展績效之影響，冀以補足理論上之缺口與提供實務上之建議。
本研究將市場導向區分為主動式市場導向與回應式市場導向兩個構面，而跨組織整合則區分為內部組織整合與外部組織整合，採用實証的方式，了解市場導向與跨組織整合對於新產品開發績效的影響，更進而探討不同市場導向若進行不同的跨組織整合，是否會對新產品開發績效有更進一步的影響。本研究主要以t檢定、迴歸分析驗證各變數的關係。研究結果發現：
一、市場導向確實會對新產品開發績效有正向影響，不論是主動式市場導向，或是回應式市場導向，都會使得企業有更好的新產品發展績效。
二、跨組織整合也確實會對新產品開發績效有正面的影響，企業若在外部與其供應商、顧客有越好整合或其內部行銷與研發部門之間有越好整合，則新產品開發績效愈佳。
三、市場導向與新產品開發績效之間的關係，會受到跨組織整合所影響。在主動式市場導向下，良好的外部跨組織整合，可以獲得更佳的新產品開發績效。而在回應式市場導向下，良好的內部跨組織整合，可以獲得更佳的新產品開發績效。

摘要(英)

In the neo-Schumpeterian era, innovation becomes crucial for companies to make profits. In specific, it is also proved that market valuation of a company is responsive strongly to the success or failure of new product development efforts (Linder, 2006; Sharma and Lacey, 2004). There are cases show that companies who care their customers can attain better new product development (NPD) performance; in meanwhile, there are also companies who put highlights on inter-organizational integration obtaining outstanding NPD performances through corporation with suppliers and customers.
Market orientation is usually to be the macro environment, during the process of new product development, for the company with its first priority on customer satisfaction. Activities relating to inter-organizational integration have been done under atmospheres of market orientation. Whatever internal or external inter-organizational integration, all the new products must have been examined by markets. The market responses to new products will finally adjust and shape the meaning of market orientation in turn; that is, market orientation and inter-organizational integration need to fit each other in dynamic to pursue the best NPD performance.
Previous literatures most define market orientation in the position of “organizational culture” (Narver and Slater, 1990), which stresses obtaining market information from different sources, and then it is divided into “customer orientation”, “competitors orientation” and “inter-functional coordination” that narrows the nexus between market orientation and new product development process to some extent; in the studies of the effect of inter-organizational integration on NPD performance, internal or external organizational integration is almost researched respectively, rather in the manner of considering these two integration-types in simultaneous; in the discussion of the effects on NPD performance, both market orientation and inter-organizational integration are set as the major variables. Hence, this study starts from the perspective of “fitness”—different market orientation combines with different inter-organizational integration—to understand the effects of different combinations on NPD performance, using the categories of market orientation re-defined by Narver and Slater (2004). We want to complete this gap in academic, and try to provide practical implications to companies in the issues of improving their NPD performance.

關鍵字(中)

★ 新產品開發績效
★ 跨組織整合
★ 市場導向

關鍵字(英)

★ Inter-organizational Integration
★ New Product Development Performance
★ Market Orientation

論文目次

第一章緒論.............................................................................1
第一節研究動機...............................................................................1
第二節研究目的...............................................................................3
第三節論文架構...............................................................................4
第四節研究流程...............................................................................5
第二章文獻探討....................................................................6
第一節市場導向...............................................................................6
第二節跨組織整合...........................................................................12
第三節新產品開發績效.....................................................................19
第四節個案研究..............................................................................21
第三章研究設計...................................................................22
第一節研究架構..............................................................................22
第二節研究變數之操作性定義與衡量...................................................23
第三節研究假設..............................................................................28
第四節研究對象與問卷回收...............................................................32
第五節資料分析方法........................................................................33
第六節信度與效度...........................................................................36
第四章研究結果分析..........................................................40
第一節樣本基本資料分析..................................................................40
第二節因素分析與集群分析...............................................................43
第三節市場導向與新產品開發績效之關係.............................................49
第四節跨組織整合與新產品開發績效之關係..........................................52
第五節跨組織整合對「市場導向與新產品開發績效關係」影響之分析............54
第六節本章總結..............................................................................60
第五章結論與建議..............................................................61
第一節研究結論..............................................................................61
第二節研究貢獻與建議.....................................................................65
第三節研究限制與後續研究之建議......................................................67
參考文獻..................................................................................68
附錄一：個案訪談................................................................75
附錄二：論文問卷................................................................87

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指導教授

林明杰(Ming-ji Lin)

審核日期

2007-7-4

推文