結構變位與局部應變場之數位影像量測與分析

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姓名

黃書誼(Shu-yi Huang) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

土木工程學系

論文名稱

結構變位與局部應變場之數位影像量測與分析
(Measurement of Structural Displacement and Local Strain Field Using Digital Image Analysis Processing)

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摘要(中)

位移之量測是土木結構檢監測中一個重要的項目，也是許多安全性評估的依據之一。在地震或洪水等巨大災害發生之後，道路橋梁的毀損會使許多人的生活受到影響，而恢復的過程經常是視這些重要建設的毀損情況而定，可能有些是全毀、有些為半毀損，對僅部份受到損害之公共建設的安全性與使用性做出正確的判斷是讓社會大眾快速恢復正常運作的關鍵，因此迫切需要一個健全可靠且有效的非破壞量測與評估技術。本論文係運用數位影像分析程式定出結構體上特定覘標的座標，以非接觸、遠距之方式計算標點之位移，並結合可扣除剛體位移的向量式有限元分析(Vector Form Intrinsic Finite Element，VFIFE)，由影像量測所得之標點位移資料計算出結構局部區域之應變，發展一個非接觸、遠距計算應變分佈的方法。本研究以簡支梁與懸臂梁試體進行位移與應變量測之驗證與實驗，並探討現地實際應用的可行性。

摘要(英)

Displacement measurement is an important item of the health monitoring and performance evaluation of civil infrastructures. After a catastrophic earthquake or flood, large number of the population will be dislocated. The recovery processes are usually hampered by the numerous damaged civil infrastructures, some are totally and others are partially. Therefore, it is critical to determine the safety of the partially damaged infrastructures so that the society could regain their use and could help a speedy return to normalcy. Thus, there is an urgent need for reliable, robust and effective non-destructive evaluation techniques. In this thesis, digital image analysis processing is applied to position coordinates of the specific targets on a structure and to calculate displacement field. In addition, Vector Form Intrinsic Finite Element (VFIFE) Method which can remove the rigid body motion components in deformation analysis is applied to calculate the strain field of local region of a structure according to the displacement data measured by image analysis procedure. These two methods are combined to develop a non-contact and remote measurement method of strain field. Experiments of a simply-supported beam and a cantilever beam were conducted to verify and validate the proposed measurement and analysis techniques.

關鍵字(中)

★ 數位影像
★ 攝影測量
★ 應變
★ 向量式有限元

關鍵字(英)

★ digital image analysis
★ photogrammetry
★ strain field
★ Vector Form Intrinsic Finite Element

論文目次

摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 XII
第一章緒論 1
1.1. 引言 1
1.2. 研究動機與目的 3
1.3. 論文大綱 3
第二章文獻回顧 5
2.1. 非接觸式位移量測方法 5
2.1.1. 全站儀 5
2.1.2. 雷射光學尺 6
2.1.3. PSD光電位置感測器 8
2.1.4. 時間差量式雷射位移計 9
2.1.5. IBIS-S雷達回波量測系統 11
2.1.6. DIC數位影像相關法 13
2.2. 向量式有限元素法 14
第三章分析理論 15
3.1. 數位影像處理與定位程式 15
3.1.1. CCD基本原理 15
3.1.2. 灰階轉換與覘標定位 20
3.2. 向量式有限元分析之基本理論 26
3.2.1. 離散點值模式 28
3.2.2. 元素節點位移 30
3.2.3. 逆向運動 33
3.2.4. 變形座標 36
3.2.5. 變形函數 38
3.2.6. 四節點平面固體元 40
3.2.7. 數值算例 48
第四章實驗規劃與量測 63
4.1. 實驗室實驗 63
4.1.1. 實驗試體 63
4.1.2. 實驗設備 66
4.1.3. 簡支鋁梁量測實驗 71
4.1.4. 懸臂鋁梁量測實驗 86
4.2. 現地載重試驗 99
4.2.1. 試驗規劃 99
4.2.2. 試驗結果與數值模型之建立 103
第五章結論與建議 108
參考文獻 110

參考文獻

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指導教授

王仲宇(Chung-yue Wang)

審核日期

2009-7-29

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