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姓名 蕭年宏(NIEN-HUNG HSIAO) 查詢紙本館藏 畢業系所 土木工程學系 論文名稱 砂土受剪時音波與振波之傳遞探討
(Transmission of sound waves and vibration waves in sand under direct shear test)相關論文 檔案 [Endnote RIS 格式]
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摘要(中) 本研究主要係利用微音器及加速度計量得之波傳訊號，對砂土層
中因振動或變位所產生之音波與振波之傳播特性，進行探討與測試。
本研究利用改良式直接剪力試驗儀，以西螺砂作為試驗土樣，在
直剪盒上裝入微音器及加速度計，以應力控制方式施加剪力，進行一
系列的定荷重剪力試驗。本研究探討位移與剪應力、音波及振波之相
關性等，藉以瞭解砂土受剪力時音波及振波訊號發生特性。結果顯示
當剪應力到達試體破壞前剪應力的40%~50%會產生較大的音壓。之
後隨著剪動位移，產生較小的音波及振波。砂土相對密度越高在相同
正向應力下產生的音波及振波越大。在相同的條件下，剪應力增量越
大，產生的音波及振波越大。另外，本研究進行了淺層土層中音波及
振波現地量測試驗。音源的產生是引爆一個埋設深度為80 m 重達七
百五十公斤的乳膠炸藥，至於量測方式係將微音器及加速度計埋置於
距音源水平距離20 m 處，埋置深度為30 cm。結果顯示此次試驗中
之音波係伴隨振波同時出現。說明當土層發生變位或錯動時，只要振
動的量夠大，音波便能藉由振波向外傳遞至較遠處。
摘要(英) This research used wave signals measured from microphones and
accelerometers to investigate transmission properties of sound waves and
vibration waves generated by shock vibration or shear displacement in
sand layer.
This research carried out a series of constant loading shear tests by
means of a modified direct shear apparatus. Set a microphone and a
accelerometer in the direct shear box to measure sound pressure
accelerate. Siluo sand was used in the tests and the shear stress was
applied with air cylinder. The signals of vibration and sound wave were
measured from the direct shear tests. The results showed that when the
shear stress has reached 40%~50% of soil strength, the higher sound
pressure would appear. Then of values of vibration and sound would
become smaller with the increase of shear displacement. For the sand
with higher relative density, the vibration and sound wave would be
getting higher with the same normal stress. Under the same condition,
higher shear stress increment will cause higher vibration and sound wave.
In addition, field test was performed in this research. The sound and
vibration waves were caused by the explosion of dynamite of 750 kg
which was imbedded at depth of 80 m. The microphone and the
accelerometer were set apart from the sound source of 20 m, and these
sensors were imbedded at depth of 30 cm. From the results of the
experiment, the sound and vibration waves were appeared at the same
time. If the generated energy of slide or movement of sand is large
enough, the sound waves may transmit away with the vibration waves to
a farther distance simultaneously.
關鍵字(中) ★ 振波
★ 音波
★ 波傳關鍵字(英) ★ sound wave
★ vibration wave
★ wave propagation論文目次 中文摘要...............................................................................................................II
英文摘要..............................................................................................................III
目錄..................................................................................................................... IV
照片目錄............................................................................................................VII
表目錄...............................................................................................................VIII
圖目錄................................................................................................................. IX
符號說明...........................................................................................................XIII
第一章 緒論..........................................................................................................1
1.1 研究動機與目的.........................................................................................1
1.2 研究方法.....................................................................................................1
1.3 論文內容.....................................................................................................2
第二章 文獻回顧.................................................................................................3
2.1 聲音量測技術於大地工程之應用.............................................................3
2.1.1 音波基本參數........................................................................................3
2.1.2 音波傳遞速度........................................................................................5
2.1.3 音波訊號之分析....................................................................................8
2.1.3.1 時間域分析.....................................................................................8
2.1.3.2 頻率域分析.....................................................................................9
V
2.1.4 波傳衰減特性......................................................................................10
2.1.4.1 空氣中音波衰減特性...................................................................10
2.1.4.2 土層中振波衰減特性...................................................................11
2.1.5 音射現象..............................................................................................13
2.2 音波之應用.................................................................................................14
2.2.1 音源之定位..........................................................................................14
2.2.1.1 區域定位法...................................................................................14
2.2.1.2 到達時間差定位法......................................................................15
2.2.1.3 三軸後德格蘭姆法......................................................................18
2.2.2 不穩定邊坡之音波量測.....................................................................20
2.2.3 微音錐貫入試驗..................................................................................21
2.2.4 土石流地聲特性之研究.....................................................................23
2.3 砂土中音波與振波傳遞之研究................................................................25
2.4 未來應用...................................................................................................26
第三章 試驗土樣、儀器設備及試驗方法.......................................................43
3.1 試驗土樣....................................................................................................43
3.2 試驗儀器與相關設備................................................................................43
3.3 試驗方法及步驟.......................................................................................49
3.3.1 直接剪力試驗中砂土之音波及振波波速量測試驗方法.................50
VI
3.3.2 裝置防砂罩微音器之校正................................................................51
3.3.3 音波及振波現地量測試驗.................................................................52
3.4 音波訊號處理...........................................................................................53
3.4.1 背景噪音之影響與校正....................................................................54
3.4.2 取樣定理.............................................................................................55
3.4.3 快速傅立葉轉換.................................................................................56
第四章 試驗結果與分析...................................................................................69
4.1 直接剪力試驗中音波及振波在砂土訊號傳遞之量測...........................69
4.1.1 背景噪音的濾除.................................................................................69
4.1.2 音壓振幅之分析.................................................................................70
4.1.3 音壓與剪動位移之關係....................................................................71
4.1.4 加速度與剪動位移之關係................................................................72
4.1.5 剪應力與剪動位移之歷時變化........................................................73
4.1.6 音壓及加速度與正向應力之關係....................................................73
4.2 音波及振波現地量測試驗結果................................................................74
第五章 結論........................................................................................................96
5.1 結論............................................................................................................96
5.2 建議............................................................................................................97
參考文獻..............................................................................................................98
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指導教授 張惠文(HUI-WEN ZHANG) 審核日期 2009-1-16 推文 plurk
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