博碩士論文 954204001 詳細資訊




以作者查詢圖書館館藏 以作者查詢臺灣博碩士 以作者查詢全國書目 勘誤回報 、線上人數:32 、訪客IP:3.16.82.140
姓名 簡雅文(Ya-wen Chien)  查詢紙本館藏   畢業系所 產業經濟研究所
論文名稱 空氣汙染與新生兒健康之探討—以台灣各鄉鎮嬰兒死亡率為例
(The relationship between air pollution and postneonatal infant mortality in Taiwan)
相關論文
★ 銀行授信行為之研究★ 經發會前後台股指數、期貨指數、電子指數與金融指數之關聯性
★ 台灣家庭夏天用電需求分析★ 影響台銀黃金存摺價格因素之研究
★ 國際原油投資報酬與資金行情之探討-GARCH模型★ 電子商務對企業經營績效之影響
★ 有害廢棄物之處理與再利用研究:以A公司為例★ 台灣電燈用電需求量探討--以縣市資料為例
★ 台美股價、匯率、利率之動態關聯-VECM與VECM-GARCH應用★ 台灣攤販業獲利決定因素-人力資本的影響
★ 航空客運經濟帶油決定因素之實證分析★ 台灣都會區用電需求影響因素實證分析
★ 便利商店現煮咖啡銷售之研究★ 大陸鋼鐵出口與台灣鋼鐵價格的關聯性
★ 人口結構變遷對財政教育支出之影響★ 運動鞋製業的市場結構、行為與績效分析
檔案 [Endnote RIS 格式]    [Bibtex 格式]    [相關文章]   [文章引用]   [完整記錄]   [館藏目錄]   [檢視]  [下載]
  1. 本電子論文使用權限為同意立即開放。
  2. 已達開放權限電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的,進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。
  3. 請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定,切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送,以免觸法。

摘要(中) 台灣的經濟奇蹟使輕重工業蓬勃發展,環境更因此受到負面的衝擊,空氣品質日益嚴重,許多文獻已證實空氣汙染物對於人體健康有不良的影響;而本文針對週歲內的嬰兒為研究對象,結合1995年至2003年空氣汙染數據及新生兒出生與死亡資料,分析空氣汙染物懸浮微粒、二氧化硫及二氧化氮對於週歲內的嬰兒是否造成死亡或呼吸道疾患死亡的發生;本研究利用不同的經濟計量模型分析此一關聯性問題,包括:(1)Tobit model之固定效果;(2)事件分析法-台灣2001年景氣衰退事件,採2000年至2002年之一階差分法;(3)六輕進駐雲林麥寮工業區,利用差異中的差異法進行估計。
實證結果顯示:(1)Tobit model下,懸浮微粒及二氧化氮與週歲內的嬰兒總死亡率呈現正向顯著的關係,表示懸浮微粒及二氧化氮濃度測值越高,週歲內的嬰兒總死亡率越高,而二氧化硫不具顯著性,父親和母親教育年數與週歲內的嬰兒總死亡率為負向顯著的關係,鄉鎮體重不足嬰兒比例與週歲內的嬰兒總死亡率為正向顯著之關係;但懸浮微粒、二氧化硫及二氧化氮對週歲內的嬰兒呼吸道疾患死亡率皆沒有顯著之影響;(2)景氣衰退事件法分析中,結果顯示懸浮微粒對週歲內的嬰兒總死亡率有一定程度之正向影響,且其與週歲內的嬰兒呼吸道疾患死亡率呈現正向顯著的關係,二氧化硫及二氧化氮則皆沒有達到統計上的顯著水準;(3)六輕進駐雲林議題採差中差法,實證結果顯示六輕自1999年於雲林麥寮工業區設立後,確實使雲嘉南地區週歲內的嬰兒呼吸道疾患死亡率增加,其中以二氧化氮對該區之嬰兒呼吸道疾患死亡率影響最甚。
摘要(英) The development of economy in Taiwan, which makes light and heavy industry flourish,however, has become a serious
negative impact on environmental and air quality. Many of
researches have confirmed that air pollution causes damages to human body but only a few studies shows the conjunction between air pollution and infant mortality. Therefore, the object of this study is to discuss infants in postneonatal period in Taiwan and to find the relationship between postneonatal infant mortality, particulate matter <10μm (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and it also estimates the effects of air pollution on risk of respiratory deaths in the postneonatal period. The analysis of sample is linking monitoring data for PM10, SO2 and NO2 together to infants born in Taiwan between 1995 and 2003, and is using different econometric models which include fixed effect of Tobit model,the analysis of event is the 2001 recession in Taiwan by first difference and construction of No.6 Naphtha Cracking Plant in Yunlin
Mailiao in 1999 by difference in difference. After adjusting for demographic factors, empirical result shows that nitrogen dioxide and suspended particles are a risk factor for postneonatal infant mortality in tobit model. However, all of suspended particles, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide don’t associate with respiratory-related
postneonatal infant mortality. The event analysis shows that PM10 has a certain degree of association with
postneonatal infant mortality, which also has positive relationship with respiratory-related postneonatal infant mortality. Finally, analysis of No.6 Naphtha Cracking Plant shows that after this plant was established in Yunlin Mailiao industrial zones in 1999,respiratory-related postneonatal infant mortality within Yunlin- Chiayi area indeed increases and nitrogen dioxide is the most risk factor for postneonatal infant mortality.
關鍵字(中) ★ 空氣汙染
★ 懸浮微粒
★ 二氧化氮
★ 二氧化硫
★ 週歲內的嬰兒(後新生兒)死亡率
關鍵字(英) ★ nitrogen dioxide
★ sulfur dioxide(SO2)
★ particulate matter <
★ 10μm(PM10)
★ air pollution
論文目次 摘 要............................................................................................................................... i
ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................... ii
誌 謝.............................................................................................................................. iii
目 錄.............................................................................................................................. iv
表 目 錄.............................................................................................................................. vi
圖 目 錄............................................................................................................................. vii
一、 緒論....................................................................................................................... 1
1-1 研究背景及動機................................................................................................... 1
1-2 研究目的.............................................................................................................. 4
1-3 研究方法.............................................................................................................. 5
1-4 研究架構.............................................................................................................. 5
二、研究背景與文獻探討.................................................................................................... 7
2-1 名詞定義.......................................................................................................... 7
2-1-1 空氣汙染物定義............................................................................................... 7
2-1-2 空氣汙染物種類............................................................................................... 7
2-1-3 台灣空氣品質監測網測站簡介........................................................................ 8
2-1-4 嬰兒死亡時期的定義...................................................................................... 10
2-1-5 呼吸道疾患死亡率的定義.............................................................................. 10
2-2 空氣汙染與新生兒死亡之文獻回顧.............................................................. 11
三、資料與模型變數.......................................................................................................... 22
3-1 資料來源.......................................................................................................... 22
3-2 變數建構過程................................................................................................... 22
3-2-1 被解釋變數..................................................................................................... 22
3-2-2 解釋變數......................................................................................................... 22
3-3 統計分析.......................................................................................................... 24
3-3-1 Tobit model ..................................................................................................... 24
3-3-2 事件分析法 -【2000 年至2002 年】.......................................................... 29
四、研究方法與模型.......................................................................................................... 32
4-1 Tobit model 之固定效果................................................................................... 32
4-1-1 解釋變數之預期符號...................................................................................... 33
4-2 事件分析法..................................................................................................... 34
4-2-1 兩階段最小平方法(2SLS) .............................................................................. 36
4-2-2 Hausman Test................................................................................................... 38
4-2-3 解釋變數之預期符號...................................................................................... 38
4-3 差異中的差異分析法 -六輕進駐雲林對於雲嘉地區呼吸性死亡率之影響. 39
五、實證結果..................................................................................................................... 42
5-1 Tobit model 之固定效果................................................................................... 42
5-2 事件分析法...................................................................................................... 45
5-2-1 週歲內的嬰兒總死亡率模型.......................................................................... 45
5-2-2 週歲內的嬰兒呼吸道疾患死亡率模型........................................................... 51
5-3 差異中的差異分析法 -六輕進駐雲林對雲嘉地區呼吸性死亡率之影響.. 57
六、結論與建議................................................................................................................. 60
6-1 結論................................................................................................................... 60
6-2 研究限制與建議................................................................................................ 63
參 考 文 獻....................................................................................................................... 64
附錄一 國際空氣汙染公害事件........................................................................................ 68
附錄二 中華民國台灣地區環境空氣品質標準................................................................. 69
附錄三 國際疾病傷害及死因分類標準1975 年版(ICD-9).......................................……...70
附錄四 台灣空氣品質監測站之鄉鎮代碼表..................................................................... 73
參考文獻 人間福報,「六輕運轉九年 雲嘉南空氣變差」,2007年7月6日
中國時報,「行政院已核定三歲以下兒童醫療補助實施計畫」, 2000年11月19日
王光正和黃怡婷,「自由化後台灣石化業的發展與展望」,企銀季刊,27(1),156-159 頁,2004。
王世奇、何璠和簡瑞清等編輯,「中華民國空氣品質監測報告九十五年年報」,行政院環境保護署,2006
王國翹,「歐美前車之鑑-震驚世界的五大空污公害事件」,新環境2007 世界環境日向,人民報告系列記者會,東海大學,台中市,2007 年6 月。
汪明生和蘇明敏,「空氣汙染防制政策分析-環保政策之成本效益探討」,中國行政評論,11(4),127-144頁,2002。
林祖嘉,「景氣燈號應大幅增加服務業指標比重」,財團法人國家政策研究基金會-國政分析,科經(析) 096-007號,2007
姜渝生、王小娥和林月麗,「空氣污染防制費對都市空氣品質改善直接效益之評估」,運輸計劃季刊,29(3),635-663 頁,2000。
徐慈鴻和李貽華,「空氣污染與植物監測」,行政院農業委員會農業藥物毒物試驗所技術專刊第83 期第143 號,2006
陳宥杉和張克群,「以專利分析與鑽石模型分析臺灣電動機車產業發展現況」,經濟情勢暨評論,12(3),97-115 頁,2006。
陳秉鈺,「空氣污染與先天性缺陷發生之相關性研究」,國立成功大學環境醫學研究所,碩士論文,民國93 年。
黃文璋,「統計顯著性」,數學傳播季刊,29(4),29-38 頁,2005。
劉錦龍,「空氣汙染防制政策對新生兒健康影響評估」,經濟論文叢刊,35(4),477-511頁,2007。
劉家琳,一、母親懷孕期間室外粒狀空氣污染物對子宮內成長遲滯兒之影響;二、室外空氣污染與嬰兒猝死症之探討-族群病例對照研究,臺灣大學職業醫學與工業衛生研究所,碩士論文,民國93年
謝蕙如,「台灣空氣污染與嬰兒死亡之關係-以台北市及高雄市為例」,高雄醫學大學公共衛生學研究所,碩士論文,2004
韓幸紋和連賢明,「降低部分負擔對幼兒醫療利用的影響:以北市兒童補助計畫為例」,2006,(http://www.econ.ntu.edu.tw/sem-paper/96_1/hist_961220.pdf)
陳林幸虹,「環保vs經濟 麥寮工業區破壞雲林生態」,台灣大紀元電子日報,2006年11月18日(http://news.epochtimes.com.tw/6/11/18/41174.htm)
台灣立報電子報(http://paper.udn.com/udnpaper/POF0008/129265/web/)
「運具與健康Mobility & Health」,2003 活動焦點
(http://www.dot.taipei.gov.tw/newch/web/carfree93/S8.htm)
交通部全球資訊網-機動車輛登記數報表
(http://www.motc.gov.tw/mocwebGIP/wSite/lpctNode=162&xq_xCat=12)
行政院環境保護署(http://www.epa.gov.tw/)
香港特區政府環境保護署 (http://www.epd.gov.hk/epd/cindex.html)
內政部人口統計年報(http://sowf.moi.gov.tw/stat/year/list.htm)
行政院主計處(http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/mp.asp?mp=1)
Ashenfelter O. and Card D.,“Using the longitudinal structure of earnings to estimate the effect
of training programs”, Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol 67, No.4, pp.648-660,November 1985.
Bobak M. and Leon DA.,” Air pollution and infant mortality in the Czech Republic,1986-88.”Lancet, Vol 340, No.8826, pp.1010-1014, October 1992.
Bobak M. and Leon DA.,” The Effect of Air Pollution on Infant Mortality Appears Specific for Respiratory Causes in the Postneonatal Period”, Epidemiology, Vol 10, No.6,
pp.666-670, November 1999.
Card D. and Krueger A.B.,“Minimum wages and employment:a case study of the fast-food industry in New Jersey and Pennsylvania”, American Economic Review, Vol 84, No.4,
pp.772-793, 1994.
Chay K.Y. and Greenstone M.,“The Impact of Air Pollution on Infant Mortality: Evidence from Geographic Variation in Pollution Shocks Induced by a Recession”, Quarterly
Journal of Economics, Vol 118, No.3, pp.1121-1167, 2003b.
Child Health USA 2006 (http://www.mchb.hrsa.gov/chusa_06/)
Christ C. F., Econometric Models and Methods., Wiley, New York, 1966.
Conceição G..M.,et al.,”Air Pollution and Child Mortality: A Time-Series Study in São Paulo,Brazil”, Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol 109, No. 3, pp. 347-350, Jun. 2001.
Currie J. and Neidell M., “Air pollution and infant health: what can we learn from California’s recent experience?”,Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol 120, No.3,
pp.1003-1030, 2005.
Eissa N. and Liebman J.B.,“Labor supply response to the earned income tax credit”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol 111, No.2, pp.605-637, May 1996.
Environmental Protection Agency (http://www.epa.gov/)
“Fetal and Infant Mortality”, Oregon Vital Statistics Report, Vol 2, 2004(http://www.dhs.state.or.us/dhs/ph/chs/data/arpt/96v2/chapter7/chp7-nar.pdf)
Gouveia N. and Fletcher T.,”Respiratory diseases in children and outdoor air pollution in Sao Paulo,Brazil:a time series analysis”, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Vol57, pp.477-483, July 2000.
Greene W.H.,”On the Asymptotic Bias of the Ordinary Least Squares Estimator of the Tobit Model”, Econometrica, Vol 49, pp.505-513, 1981.
Greene W.H.,Econometric Analysis, New Jersey:Person Education,Inc., pp.505-513, 2003.
Ha E.H.,et al.,“Infant Susceptibility of Mortality to Air Pollution in Seoul, South Korea”,Pediatrics, Vol 111, pp.284-290, 2003.
Hausman J.,”Specification Tests in Econometrics”,
Econometrica, Vol 46, pp.1251-1271,1978.
Johnston J. and DiNardo J., Econometric methods,McGraw-Hill, New York, 1997.
Krupa S.V.,Air quality and crops. In: Air Pollution, People, and Plants, The American Phytopathological Society, Press, Minnesota, USA, pp.95-116, 1997.
Loomis D.,et al.,” Air Pollution and Infant Mortality in Mexico City”, Epidemiology, Vol 10,No.2, pp. 118-123, Mar. 1999.
“Low birth weight :what you need to know-Low Birth Weight: an Information Guide for Parents”, The Ottawa Coalition for the Prevention of Low Birth Weight,(http://www.successby6ottawa.ca/lbwfpn/english/downloads.html)
Penna M.L.F. and Duchiade M.P.,”Air pollution and infant mortality from pneumonia in the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Area”, Bulletin of the Pan American Health Organization(PAHO), Vol 25, No.1, pp.47-54, 1991.
Samet J.M., et al.,”Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Mortality in 20 U.S.Cities,1987–1994”,Vol 343, No.24, pp.1742-1749, Dec. 2000.
Woodruff T.J.,Grillo J. and Schoendorf K.C.,”The
Relationship between Selected Causes of Postneonatal Infant Mortality and Particulate Air Pollution in the United States”,Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol 105, No.6, pp.608-612, Jun. 1997.
Woodruff T.J.,Parker J. D.,and Schoendorf K.C.,” Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Air Pollution and Selected Causes of Postneonatal Infant Mortality in California”, Environ Health Perspect, Vol 114, pp.786-790, 2006.
Wooldridge J. M., Introductory Econometric., Ohio:South-Western, 1999.
Wooldridge J. M., Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data, MIT Press., 2002.
Woodruff T. J.,Darrow L. A.,and Parker J. D.,”Air Pollution and Postneonatal Infant Mortality in the United States, 1999-2002”,Environ Health Perspect, Vol 116, No.1, pp.110-115,2008.
WHO,”Guideline for Air Quality”, World Health Organization, 1999
指導教授 劉錦龍(Jin-long Liu) 審核日期 2008-7-21
推文 facebook   plurk   twitter   funp   google   live   udn   HD   myshare   reddit   netvibes   friend   youpush   delicious   baidu   
網路書籤 Google bookmarks   del.icio.us   hemidemi   myshare   

若有論文相關問題,請聯絡國立中央大學圖書館推廣服務組 TEL:(03)422-7151轉57407,或E-mail聯絡  - 隱私權政策聲明