水泥製程於資源再利用之研究

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姓名

王年福(Nian-Fu Wang) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

土木工程學系在職專班

論文名稱

水泥製程於資源再利用之研究
(A study of recycling resources on the processes of cement)

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摘要(中)

本研究以再利用資源(工業副產品或廢棄物)之物化特性為基礎，佐以法規限制性之考量，並配合水泥三大主要製程(生料配料、熟料燒成、水泥研磨)之特性，探討不同型態之資源再利用於不同製程之可行性，再以最終產品之化學分析及物理試驗結果，進行分析評估以確認其影響程度及摻用限制。
再生資源於應用時，法規與程序之合法性，不代表其可被應用之必然性，故水泥業進行資源之再生利用前，對該資源仍須進行相當程度之內部評估程序以確認其對製程及最終產品之影響。
再生資源應用於水泥三大製程之研究結果顯示紙業污泥在氯含量為僅為420ppm且生料總氯量上限設定為130ppm 之條件下，其在在生料配料製程之應用性為完全可行。石油焦應用於熟料燒成製程之方面，當摻用率於達20.05%時，對旋窯之穩定運轉不利，且熟料顯微鏡觀察及磨成水泥抗壓強度結果顯示，摻用率高於12.69%時對品質明顯不利，故使用石油焦應以不超過12.69%為原則。無水石膏應用於水泥研磨製程方面則顯示其在摻用比例達30%時，對強度無一定影響趨勢，但就凝結時間、假凝等試驗項目而言，摻用比例達20%時，初凝時間縮短27%，且水泥漿之假凝現象漸趨明顯，故實際之摻用比例應在15%以內對整體水泥品質影響較小。另就各製程應用後之熟料或水泥TCLP溶出結果則顯示除了在符合規範要求外，水泥亦可視為一良好之固化或穩定化基材。
依此研究結果，水泥業可就其製程特性與優勢，在再生資源之利用上適度發揮，並預期可在「生態、生活、生產」之三生循環上，適切扮演維持生產、改善生態，並與生活息息相關之「三合一」角色。同時，如能以初期僅選擇對製程及產品影響較小之應用層面上，累積經驗並予以拓展，配合法規或規範之推動，則可朝「環保水泥」之方向努力，達到大量處理再生資源且污染最低之終極目的。

摘要(英)

This study is based on the physical and chemical properties of recycling resources(industrial byproducts or wastes), taking legal restrictions into account, and the characteristics of three main producing processes of the cement (raw meal proportion, clinker sintering, cement grinding). It researches the possibility of different types of recycling waste materials in different producing processes. The chemical analysis and physical tests of the final products also make sure of its influential degree(s).
In applying recycled resources, the legalities of rule restrictions and procedure don’t mean the inevitability of being applied; therefore, before proceeding to recycle the resources in cement industry, it’s necessary to proceed to considerable interior evaluations to make sure of its influences on producing procedures and final products.
The research on applying recycled resources to three main producing processes of the cement shows the application of paper industrial sludge in raw meal proportion producing process, on the condition of chlorine included only 420 ppm and the total chlorine of raw meal limited to 130 ppm, is completely practicable. In applying petroleum coke to clinker sintering producing process, when the dosage comes to 20.05%, it shows disadvantage on the stable operation of the rotary kiln. The observation of microscope of clinker and the result of compressive strength of cement also shows the disadvantage when the dosage amounts to 12.69%; therefore, the application of petroleum coke should be limited under 12.69%. Applying anhydrite to cement grinding producing process shows it is not absolutely sure to have an influence on its compressive strength when the dosage comes to 30%. However, as far as the setting time and false set are concerned, the initial setting time can be shortened 27% when the dosage reaches 20%. Besides, the phenomenon of false set of paste is getting worse. It suggests the mixed proportion should be controlled under 15 %. In addition, the results of TCLP of the clinker or cement after applying in respective producing process conform the legal restrictions and it can be inferred that cement can be regarded as a superior matrix of solidification or stabilization.
According to the research, cement industry can properly utilize the characteristics and predominance of producing process in recycling resources. It can also be expected that cement industry will play a “triplicate” role in the cycle among “ecology, life, and production” to maintain production, improve ecology and be related to daily life. Moreover, at first, only choose the application which has a minor influence on producing process and products, accumulate and expand experiences, and promote legal rules or restrictions, and we can make efforts to produce “Eco-Cement” and achieve the final purpose of taking large care of recycled resources and producing the least pollution.

關鍵字(中)

★ 生料
★ 熟料
★ 水泥
★ 紙業污泥
★ 石油焦
★ 無水石膏

關鍵字(英)

★ paper industrial sludge
★ cement
★ clinker
★ anhydrite
★ raw meal
★ petroleum coke

論文目次

第一章緒論
1-1 研究緣起 …………………………………………………1
1-2 研究目的 …………………………………………………2
1-3 研究範圍 …………………………………………………2
1-4 研究流程 …………………………………………………2
1-5 預期研究成果 ……………………………………………2
第二章文獻回顧
2-1 卜特蘭水泥 ………………………………………………4
2-1-1 組成及單礦物特性……………………………………6
2-1-2 各型水泥特性…………………………………………7
2-1-3 水泥製造流程 ………………………………………10
2-2 不純物與水泥及熟料之作用與影響……………………18
2-2-1 燒成過程之固溶作用 ………………………………18
2-2-2 水合過程之固化作用 ………………………………19
2-2-3 單一元素對熟料與水泥之影響 ……………………23
2-3 水泥之溶出行為…………………………………………30
第三章資源再利用之程序及法規適用性探討
3-1 相關法規彙整……………………………………………36
3-2 相關法規內容綜合評析…………………………………37
3-3 再利用資源與水泥三大製程……………………………42
第四章評估程序及實驗計畫
4-1 實驗材料…………………………………………………47
4-1-1 紙業污泥及其產出流程 ……………………………47
4-1-2 石油焦及其產出流程 ………………………………47
4-1-3 無水石膏及其產出流程…………………………… 48
4-2 試驗儀器設備及方法……………………………………49
4-2-1 試驗設備一覽表 ……………………………………49
4-2-2 主要試驗設備重點說明 ……………………………50
4-2-3 試驗方法 ……………………………………………55
4-3 評估及實驗配置…………………………………………61
4-3-1紙業污泥應用於生料配料之評估及實驗配置………61
4-3-2石油焦應用於熟料燒成製程之評估及實驗配置……62
4-3-3無水石膏應用於水泥研磨製程之評估及實驗配置…63
第五章生料配料之案例評估
5-1 基本物化性質分析………………………………………64
5-2 配料可行性評估…………………………………………65
5-2-1 配料單元詳圖 ………………………………………65
5-2-2 符號定義及一般說明 ………………………………66
5-2-3 實例測試與結果分析……………………………… 67
5-3 最終試驗及結果分析……………………………………70
5-3-1 相關試驗結果 ………………………………………70
5-3-2 試驗結果分析 ………………………………………71
第六章熟料燒成製程之實際案例評估及試驗分析
6-1 基本物化性質分析………………………………………73
6-2 燃料可替代性評估………………………………………74
6-2-1 評估方式簡要說明 …………………………………74
6-2-2 石油焦試燒之內循環解析 …………………………79
6-2-3 循環解析結果分析 …………………………………86
6-3 最終試驗及結果分析……………………………………86
6-3-1 相關試驗結果 ………………………………………86
6-3-2 試驗結果分析 ………………………………………90
第七章水泥研磨製程之實際案例評估及試驗分析
7-1 基本物化性質分析………………………………………91
7-2 添加之可行性評估………………………………………92
7-3 最終試驗及結果分析……………………………………92
7-3-1 相關試驗結果 ………………………………………92
7-3-2 試驗結果分析 ………………………………………94
第八章結論與建議
8-1 結論………………………………………………………96
8-2 建議………………………………………………………98
參考文獻 ……………………………………………………………100
附錄……………………………………………………………………105

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指導教授

林志棟、李釗
(Jyh-Dong Lin、Chau Lee)

審核日期

2003-7-16

推文