水資源管理最佳化－以應用於吉里巴斯首都塔拉瓦南部的雨水收集為例

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魏雷娜(Reenate Willie-Foon) 查詢紙本館藏

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國際永續發展碩士在職專班

論文名稱

水資源管理最佳化－以應用於吉里巴斯首都塔拉瓦南部的雨水收集為例
(Optimization of Water Resources Management through the Application ofRainwater Harvesting in South Tarawa, Kiribati)

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摘要(中)

如同一般開發中國家面對可用淡水資源時所遭遇的眾多難題中，吉里巴斯同樣也
面臨了人力及財源不足的窘境。吉里巴斯係一眾多小島組成的國家，而這意味著水資源與吉國的發展息息相關。因此，以永續發展為目標下，水資源管理試圖合理地運用島上資源。
本文通篇研究在吉里巴斯的水資源管理，尤其是首都塔拉瓦南部。研究重心在於南塔拉瓦的雨水收集應用案例。由於在南塔拉瓦，任何水資源都與吉里巴斯政府的需求、應用及政策緊密相關。因此，為了對水資源管理的決策有更近一步地瞭解，水資源狀況的評估也是本文研究的重點。

摘要(英)

The issue of available freshwater resources for Kiribati involves many of the problems
facing developing countries in general, including both inadequate human and financial
resources. The diminutive size of the islands of Kiribati and the country as a whole means that development and freshwater resources are closely related and interlinked. Water resource
management must therefore seek to rationalize the use of island resources with the goals of sustainable development.
This study focuses in general on water resources management in Kiribati particularly in
South Tarawa, the Capital. The main part of this study is the introduction of rainwater
harvesting and its applicability in the case of South Tarawa. However every water resources
are interlinked to the needs, practices and policies of the Kiribati government, an important
situation in South Tarawa. Hence the assessment of the state of freshwater resources is also
important to be included in this study, in order to achieve a better understanding of water for management decisions.

關鍵字(中)

★ 累積曲線分析
★ 雨水收集
★ 水資源缺乏
★ 水資源最佳利用
★ 水資源管理
★ 水槽尺寸可靠度

關鍵字(英)

★ Water management
★ water optimization
★ water scar

論文目次

中文摘要...I
ABSTRACT...II
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... II
TABLE OF CONTENTS . IV
LISTS OF TABLES.... VII
LIST OF FIGURES.... I
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION. ...1
1.1. Motivation ........... 2
1.2. Literature reviews ...... 3
1.2.1. Rainwater harvesting guidelines ..3
1.2.2. Groundwater occurrence .......... 4
1.2.3. Water resources, problems and management .. 5
1.3. Objectives and overall structure ... 7
CHAPTER 2. FACTORS AFFECTING THE AVAILABILITY OF FRESHWATER
RESOURCES IN KIRIBATI.... 9
2.1. Study area .... 10
2.2. Factors determining the occurrence of freshwater resources ....... 11
2.2.1. Climate ............. 11
2.2.2. Rainfall patterns and distribution ....... 13
2.2.3. Evaporation .............. 15
2.2.4. Drought occurrence .......... 16
CHAPTER 3. WATER RESOURCES IN SOUTH TARAWA. . 19
3.1. Conventional Water resources ...... 19
3.1.1. Rainfall and rainwater harvesting ..... 19
3.1.1.1. What is rainwater harvesting? ..... 22
3.1.1.2. Why harvest rainwater? ........ 24
3.1.1.3. Favourable situations for rainwater harvesting ... 25
3.1.1.4. Socio-economic considerations .... 25
3.1.1.5. Rainwater quality ........... 26
3.1.1.6. Improvement of the existing rainwater collection systems ...27
3.1.1.7. Maintenance of roofs ........ 28
3.1.1.8. Recommendations .... 29
3.1.2. Groundwater and the public reticulation system ... 30
3.1.2.1. Hydrogeology and groundwater formation.. 31
3.1.2.2. History of groundwater development .. 34
3.1.2.3. Groundwater investigations – Monitoring and Analysis .. 34
3.1.3. Open dug wells..... 36
3.1.4. Water pumps.... 36
3.2. Non-conventional water resources ..... 37
3.2.1. Desalination ..... 37
3.2.2. Stormwater recycling ........ 38
3.2.3. Importation ..... 40
CHAPTER 4. PROBLEMS OF THE WATER SECTOR IN SOUTH TARAWA AND
THE CURRENT WATER MANAGEMENT ISSUES. ... 41
4.1. Main problems of the water sector ...... 41
4.1.1. Sanitation and water issues .......... 42
4.1.2. Solid waste ....... 45
4.1.3. Water conflicts in South Tarawa ....... 46
4.2. Vulnerability of groundwater to natural threats ... 48
4.2.1. Threat from climate change ....... 48
4.3. Water resources management measures ..... 50
4.3.1. Management of the water demand ...... 51
4.3.2. Water demand and supply ....... 52
4.3.3. Water quality and monitoring...... 56
CHAPTER 5. DETERMINATION OF STORAGE TANK SIZE AND RELIABILITY.... 58
5.1. Methodology. ... 58
5.1.1. The mass curve analysis. ..... 58
5.1.2. Factors in determining the storage tank size ..... 59
5.1.3. Rainwater supply and demand ... 60
5.1.4. Finging the storage tank size ...... 62
5.2. Results and Discussions ... 65
5.2.1. Behavior analysis for assumed tank sizes ..... 65
5.2.2. Reliability of assumed tank sizes ..... 68
5.2.2. Suggested tank sizes for South Tarawa .... 70
5.2.3. Comparison of tank sizes for drought and rainy periods ... 72
5.3. Discussion ... 75
5.4. Problems with the mass curve analysis ... 76
CHAPTER 6. CONCLUSIONS ...... 80
BIBLIOGRAPHY ..i
APPENDIX .... a

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指導教授

吳瑞賢(Ray-Shyan Wu)

審核日期

2006-7-18

推文