重粒子於泰勒庫頁提流場之偏好濃度與下沈速度實驗研究

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姓名

陳賢圖(Xan-Tu Cheng ) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

機械工程研究所

論文名稱

重粒子於泰勒庫頁提流場之偏好濃度與下沈速度實驗研究

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摘要(中)

本實驗使用泰勒-庫頁提(Taylor-Couette，T-C)流場，來探討重粒子偏好集聚之現象與其下沈之問題。T-C流場乃由兩同軸旋轉圓柱來產生眾多不同的流場形態，是目前流體力學領域最被了解的流場之一。有關粒子集聚觀測，主要是以高速攝影機配合高功率雷射切面，在只旋轉內圓柱而外圓柱固定不動的條件下，採用三種不同重粒子(鉛、鎢、銅)分別在不同轉速下之流場，來觀測在不同史托克斯數 (Stokes number，St)，粒子於一反向旋轉渦對陣列中之濃度場偏好性集聚之現象。St為質點粒子的響應時間與紊流場中Kolmogorov時間尺度之比。實驗結果發現，在時，粒子均勻分佈於渦對結構內；當時，粒子會朝高應變率低渦度流場區域(渦外圍)集聚，使在高渦度低應變率區域(渦心)幾無粒子存在，粒子均集中於渦漩外圍層(層厚僅約為原渦寬度即兩圓柱間隙之10%)；當，雖然大體結構分佈相似，但較多粒子開始出現在渦漩內層和渦心處。此結果驗證了直接數值模擬結果(Wang & Maxey 1993)，更顯示泰勒-庫頁提渦對陣列為說明粒子偏好性集聚現象之最佳流場選擇。
在重粒子下沈速度研究方面，使用兩組高速攝影系統，透過由內外兩圓柱反向旋轉下所產生的無特徵結構紊流場，採用玻璃粒子以質點影像速度量測技術(PIV)來量測重粒子於此流場之下沈速度(Vs)，初步結果發現，粒子平均下沈速度受紊流影響都會比其終端速度(Vt)來得大，且在St等於1附近時，下沈率有最大增加量，本實驗可能是第一個驗證紊流可增加粒子下沉速度之實驗。

摘要(英)

This thesis investigates the preferential concentration and the settling velocity of heavy particles using a well-known Taylor-Couette(T-C) flow apparatus. The T-C apparatus consists of two concentric rotating cylinders which can generate many different flow regimes. For visualizations of particle preferential concentration, we use a high-speed laser sheet imaging technique in T-C flow when only the inner cylinder is rotated. Three different particles, lead, tungsten and copper particles with different mean diameters are used, such that the corresponding values of Stokes number(St) can be varied from 0 to 3. Here St is a time ratio of particle response to the Kolmogorov scale of turbulence. It is formd that these particles are uniformly scattered around these counter-rotating vortices when . As values of St increase up to unity, almost all particles are accumulated and concentrated at the edges of counter-rotating vortices where the strain rate is highest and the vorticity is lowest. In other words, there are no particles in these vortices’ core. The thickness of the particles’ accumulated region is only about 10% of the width of counter-rotating vortices. This is the so-called particle preferential phenomenon which was suggested by direct numerical simulation (Wang & Maxey 1993). The present experiment reveals that the T-C flow with only inner cylinder rotation is probably the best flow field to demonstrate the particle preferential phenomenon. For , a few particles can be formed in the core of there vortices.
Concerning the settling velocity of heavy particles in featureless turbulence which is generated by counter-rotating both cylinders, we employ glass particles and use the particle image velocimetry to measure mean particle settling velocities(Vs). Preliminary results show that values of Vs are greater than their corresponding terminal velocity (Vt) in still fluid.The increase of the settling rate reaches its maximum as .This experiment may be the first experiment to show that turbulence can increase the settling velocity of heavy particles.

關鍵字(中)

★ 下沈速度
★ 偏好濃度
★ 泰勒庫頁提流場

關鍵字(英)

★ preferential concentration
★ Taylor-Couette flow

論文目次

摘要 ……………………………………………………………………………I
英文摘要………………………………………………………………………II
誌謝 …………………………………………………………………………III
目錄……………………………………………………………………………IV
圖表目錄………………………………………………………………………VI
符號說明………………………………………………………………………IX
第一章前言……………………………………………………………………1
1.1 動機 …………………………………………………………………1
1.2 問題所在 ……………………………………………………………2
1.3 解決提案 ……………………………………………………………3
1.4 論文概要 ……………………………………………………………4
第二章文獻回顧………………………………………………………………6
2.1 二相紊流之基本特性 ………………………………………………6
2.2 重粒子濃度場偏好性集聚與下沈速度之探討 ……………………8
2.3 泰勒-庫頁提流場之流場結構分析 ………………………………12
2.4 流體中運動顆粒的受力分析………………………………………13
2.5 質點終端速度與史托克斯數之評估………………………………16
2.6 質點影像測速儀之基本原理………………………………………18
第三章實驗裝置與量測分析方法 …………………………………………23
3.1 泰勒-庫頁提流場之實驗裝置 ……………………………………23
3.2 流場流速的量測……………………………………………………24
3.2.1 微粒植入系統與流場量測粒子……………………………24
3.2.2 LDV之量測 …………………………………………………25
3.3 重粒子與實驗參數範圍的選擇……………………………………27
3.3.1 內圓柱旋轉部份……………………………………………28
3.3.2 內外圓柱反向旋轉部份……………………………………29
3.4 內圓柱旋轉流場(粒子偏好集聚觀測)……………………………29
3.4.1 雷射光頁位置與粒子植入系統……………………………30
3.4.2 影像擷取……………………………………………………31
3.5 內外圓柱反向旋轉流場(粒子下沈速度量測)……………………32
3.5.1 雷射光頁位置與粒子植入系統……………………………32
3.5.2 影像擷取……………………………………………………33
3.5.3 影像處理和分析……………………………………………34
3.6 誤差分析……………………………………………………………36
第四章結果與討論 …………………………………………………………52
4.1 紊流強度之估算量測………………………………………………52
4.2 內圓柱旋轉…………………………………………………………53
4.2.1 粒子運動情形………………………………………………53
4.2.2 粒子偏好集聚現象…………………………………………55
4.3 內外圓柱反向旋轉…………………………………………………58
第五章結論與未來工作 ……………………………………………………79
5.1 粒子偏好集聚之觀測………………………………………………79
5.2 粒子下沈速度之量測………………………………………………80
5.3 未來工作……………………………………………………………81
參考文獻………………………………………………………………………83

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指導教授

施聖洋(Shenqyang Shy)

審核日期

2001-7-17

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