PEMFC電極及觸媒層之電熱流傳輸現象探討

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姓名

黃柏瑄(Bo-Shiuam Huang) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

機械工程學系

論文名稱

PEMFC電極及觸媒層之電熱流傳輸現象探討
(Electro-thermo-fluid transports in the cathode of proton exchange membrane fuel cells)

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摘要(中)

本文主要建立PEMFC燃料電池二維、穩態及等溫的單電池模型，討論陰極氣體擴散層及觸媒層兩部分建立其數學模型及邊界條件，來探討不同區域下所產生的來源項和改變操作及性能參數的影響。
觸媒層的探討部分，主要是探討電化學反應中氧氣的傳遞和反應現象產生的電流、電位分布，電化學反應是使用Bulter-Volmer方程式來描述；進而考慮觸媒層的組成成分和效能，觸媒層包含碳、離子體及白金，故考慮白金在觸媒層的比例，對於效能的增加與成本的降低有一定的影響。
氣體擴散電極是以多成分模式來考慮，主要成分有氮氣、氧氣及水蒸氣，探討氧氣與水蒸氣在多孔性電極的分布。擴散電極的原理是提供一個大的反應區域，使得作用物的接近和生成物的移動，所受的質傳障礙量降到最小。故考慮孔隙率、相對溼度及液態水的形成等，改變這些操作與性能參數來了解其對電池性能的影響。

摘要(英)

A theoretical model of fluid flow, electrochemistry and mass transport is presented to examine the effect of pressure, velocity and current density in the cathode of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The finite volume method is applied to simulate the electrode and catalyst layer.
Transport in the gas-diffusion electrodes is modeled using the continuity, darcy’s law and concentration equations to calculate pressure, velocity and concentration. Transport in the catalyst layer is modeled using the governing equations to calculate overpotential, current density and reactant concentration.
Using the model, influences of various parameters such as pressure, electrode porosity, catalyst porosity, overpotential, proton conductivity, and catalyst surface area on the performance of cathode are quantitatively studied. The influences of parameters on predicted cell performance are also discussed.

關鍵字(中)

★ 觸媒層
★ 燃料電池
★ 陰極

關鍵字(英)

★ cathode
★ catalyst layer
★ fuel cell

論文目次

致謝………………………………………………………………………I
摘要……………………………………………………………………II
目錄……………………………………………………………………III
圖表目錄…………………………………………………………VI
參數定義…………………………………………………………IX
第一章緒論………………………………………………………1
1.1 燃料電池的運作原理……………………………………2
1.2 燃料電池的極化現象……………………………………4
1.2.1 活化過電位…………………………………………4
1.2.2 歐姆過電位…………………………………………5
1.2.3 濃度過電位…………………………………………5
1.3 燃料電池的種類………………………………………6
1.4文獻回顧………………………………………………6
1.5研究方向………………………………………………13
第二章理論分析……………………………………………15
2.1 基本假設…………………………………………15
2.2 陰極觸媒層的數學模式……………………………17
2.3 陰極氣體擴散層的數學模式………………………24
2.3.1 統御方程式………………………………………24
2.3.2 陰極電位…………………………………………26
第三章數值方法……………………………………………27
3.1 PEMFC燃料電池模型與格點系統……………27
3.2 解題方法………………………………………………28
3.2.1 Runge-Kutta算則……………………………28
3.2.2 ADI算則………………………………………29
3.3 計算步驟……………………………………………30
第四章結果與討論…………………………………………31
4.1 觸媒層中氧氣濃度、過電位及電流密度分布情形…31
4.2觸媒層厚度的影響…………………………………33
4.3 觸媒層單位面積所使用的白金量改變的影響…………34
4.4 觸媒層使用不同白金重量分率改變的影響……………35
4.5 陰極極化曲線……………………………………………36
4.6 氧氣濃度在陰極的分布…………………………………36
4.7 水蒸氣濃度在陰極的分布………………………………37
4.8 壓力在陰極的影響……………………………………38
4.9不同入口壓力在陰極的影響……………………………38
4.10不同入口壓力與孔隙率在陰極的影響…………39
4.11 相對溼度在陰極的影響………………………39
4.12 孔隙率在陰極的影響…………………………41
4.13 液態水生成的影響……………………………42
第五章結論與建議…………………………………………43
5.1 結論…………………………………………43
5.2 未來研究方向與建議…………………………44
參考文獻…………………………………………………80

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指導教授

曾重仁(Chung-Jan Tseng)

審核日期

2002-7-15

推文