主動式火箭發射噪音控制使用可變因子演算法

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姓名

劉繼堯(Ji-Yao Liu) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

機械工程學系

論文名稱

主動式火箭發射噪音控制使用可變因子演算法
(Active Rocket-firing Noise Cancellation with Variable Step-Size Algorithms)

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摘要(中)

摘要
本研究之目的，在於減低火箭發射時於駕駛室產生的暫態非穩態高分貝噪音;為方便評估控制效果，研究中使用一全比例壓克力模型模擬發射車駕駛室音場。研究中以FXLMS適應性演算法發展主動式噪音控制(Active Noise Control, ANC)系統。由於FXLMS型式之系統，其適應速度及系統穩定性取決於收斂因子的大小，而收斂因子之大小不容易決定，研究中使用可變因子演算法，使收斂因子能依據控制狀態自行調整改善系統的消音速度及穩定性。
此外，為達到更好的控制效果及應用方便性，改良市售電子式耳罩以取代8吋控制喇叭，並與所使用8吋喇叭的多通道ANC系統之消音效果作比較。考慮真實環境下第二路徑鑑別的準確性，將線上鑑別技術與耳罩做結合，並以穩態噪音(複頻噪音)及非穩態噪音(火箭噪音)驗證其效果。此外，對於不同麥克風擺放距離、及鑑別的取樣頻率，對於第二路徑鑑別所需階數之影響亦作詳細的討論。實驗結果顯示，使用可變因子演算法對穩態及非穩態噪音的消音速度有明顯改善，而第二路徑線上鑑別對於複頻噪音能提供更好的消音效果。

摘要(英)

Abstract
The main purpose of the study is to suppress the transient and nonstationary high sound-pressure-level (SPL) noise perceived by drivers inside the control chamber during rocket launching. A full-size acrylic model is built up for mimicking the sound field of the control room of a rocket-launching vehicle. For achieving the noise reduction, the adaptive algorithm called as FXLMS is applied to implement the active noise control (ANC) system. The convergence speed and stability of the FXLMS-type systems depend on the step-size values mainly. They are usually difficult to be decided for fast converging, and keeping the system stable. In the study, the variable step-size algorithms are applied to automatically select an appropriate step size varying with system status for the desired performance.
In addition, a commercial electrical headset is modified for noise-cancellation purpose to obtain best noise reduction and convenience. The performance of the modified active headset is compared with the multi-channel ANC system, which employs 8-inch loudspeakers to generate anti-phase sound waveforms. Considering precisely modeling the secondary path for practical applications, an on-line modeling technique is combined with the ANC headset, and validated using both the complex harmonic noise and rocket-firing noise. Besides, the needed order of the secondary path for different distances and estimated frequencies is also described in detail. Experimental results show that the ANC system with the variable step-size algorithm performs well both in complex harmonic and transient high-SPL shock noise environments. Additionally, the on-line modeling method provides more noise attenuation for complex-harmonic noise.

關鍵字(中)

★ 主動式噪音控制
★ 可變因子演算法
★ 自調收斂因子

關鍵字(英)

★ Variable Step Size Algorithm
★ Active Noise Control
★ ANC
★ Impact Noise

論文目次

Contents
ABSTRACT I
CONTENTS II
LIST OF FIGURES IV
LIST OF TABLES VII
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Motivation 1
1.2 Paper Review 2
1.3 Outline of the Thesis 4
CHAPTER 2 ADAPTIVE THEORY 5
2.1 Introduction to Adaptive Filter 5
2.2 LMS Algorithm 6
2.3 Variable Step Size Algorithms 9
2.3.1 Normalized LMS Algorithm 9
2.3.2 Modified Variable Step Size Algorithm 11
2.4 FXLMS Algorithm 12
2.4.1 Feedforward Structure 13
2.4.2 Hybrid Structure 14
2.4.3 Multi-channel Feedforward Structure 15
2.5 Secondary Path Identification 17
CHAPTER 3 EXPERIMENTAL INSTRUMENTS 20
3.1 Acoustic Model 20
3.1.1 Driver’s Cab Model 20
3.1.2 Acoustic Characters of Cab Model 21
3.2 Noise Characteristics 21
3.2.1 Rocket-firing Noise 22
3.2.2 Synthetic Noise 23
3.3 Signal Processing System 25
3.3.1 Primary Noise Source 25
3.3.2 Secondary Noise Source and Acoustic Sensor 26
3.3.3 Pre-amplifier 26
3.3.4 Anti-aliasing and Reconstructed Filter 26
3.3.5 Analog I/O Module and DSP Board 27
3.4 Arrangement of ANC Experiments 28
3.4.1 Multi-channel ANC System 29
3.4.2 ANC Headset System 29
3.4.3 GUI of ANC System 30
CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 35
4.1 Off-line Identification of Secondary Path 35
4.1.1 Effects of Different Frequency and Distance on Secondary-path Order 35
4.1.2 Summary 39
4.2 Comparison of Variable Step Size Algorithms 39
4.2.1 Single and Multiple Harmonic Noise Cancellation 41
4.2.2 Rocket-firing Noise Cancellation 43
4.2.3 Summary 47
4.3 Noise Reduction of Multi-channel ANC 47
4.3.1 Broad-band Noise Cancellation 50
4.3.2 Rocket-firing Noise Cancellation 52
4.4 Noise Reduction of ANC Headset 55
4.4.1 Validation of Hybrid Structure and Proposed Control Scheme 57
4.4.2 On-line Modeling of Secondary Paths for ANC Headset 60
4.5 Summary 61
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS 63
BIBLIOGRAPHY 65

參考文獻

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指導教授

潘敏俊(Min-Chun PAN)

審核日期

2004-7-18

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