平板式固態氧化物燃料電池氣態多孔管道之速度量測

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姓名

簡奇偉(Chi-Wei Chien) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

機械工程學系

論文名稱

平板式固態氧化物燃料電池氣態多孔管道之速度量測
(DPIV Measurements of Gaseous Porous Ducts for Planar SOFC)

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摘要(中)

本論文以實驗的方法，研究平板式固態氧化物燃料電池(solid oxide fuel cell, SOFC)內部流體流動的特性。第一個重點，利用實驗室已有之SOFC雙極板流道水力測試平台，使用具雙進氣口與單排氣口設計之雙極板，定性探討流體於不同分流設計概念之流場分佈情形。結果顯示，以鎳網(Ni mesh)來分流模擬陽極端燃料比使用矩形肋條(ribs)之分流設計有較佳的流場均勻性。然而，鎳網流場之速度分佈仍呈一拋物曲線(parabolic curve)，經與核能研究所電化學反應所產生之鎳網劣化分佈情形作比對後，發現彼此均具有同樣之拋物線分佈，故分流速度分佈對流場均勻度之提升或可改善鎳網劣化之情形，提昇SOFC之壽命。第二個但同等重要的研究重點，為利用數位質點影像測速儀(DPIV)，進行定量量測氣態單一矩形管多孔流道內部及界面處之全場速度分佈。流道模型之尺寸是以核能研究所之SOFC單一流道為參考依據，等比例放大十倍。進行測試的多孔材料包含鎳網、石膏、氧化鋯和氧化鋁等四種，由孔隙分析儀量測所得之孔隙度(ε)，分別為43%、40%、17和4%。由DPIV量測所得的數據可以得知，流體與多孔介質材料界面接觸的附近會產生滑移速度，且滑移速度會隨ε值增加而增加。其中在z/D = 0.025處(目前可準確量測到距多孔介質材料界面最近垂直間距為z= 0.2 mm，其中D為流道高度)，鎳網材料(ε = 43%)有最大的滑移速度，是固體界面(ε = 0)同一高度之速度的2.73倍，顯示非滑移條件(non-slip condition)完全不適用於多孔介質之邊界條件，此結果對正確預測雙極板流道流速分佈及其相應之壓力分佈有重要的影響。

摘要(英)

This thesis investigates experimentally flow transport phenomena in planar solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). The first objective is to measure flow uniformity in a series of rectangular flow channels with different gas distributors using hydraulic platform. The geometries of the feed and the exhaust headers are kept the same for all experiments using the double-inlet/single outlet design, but different distributors such as ribs and Ni-mesh are applied in attempt to increase flow uniformity. Based on flow visualizations, it is found that a better flow uniformity can be produced when using Ni-mesh than using ribs. But the velocity profile across the transverse of Ni-mesh is nearly parabolic, very similar to the degradation profile of NiO occurred in Ni-mesh after single cell test operation. Probably, the better flow uniformity can lessen the degradation problem and extend the longevity of the cell. The second but equally important objective is to quantitatively measure the flow velocity field in a single gaseous porous rectangular duct using digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV). The porous media used in this study are Ni-mesh, gypsum, chromium oxide (ZrO2), and aluminum oxide (Al2O3), of which individual porosities (ε=pore volume/bulk volume) measured by the porosimeter are 43%, 40%, 17%, and 4%, respectively. It is found that the slip velocity at the interface between the porous surface boundary and the air significant. The slip velocity increases with increasing porosity. The maximum dimensionless slip velocity, defined as U(ε)/U(ε=0) at z/D = 0.025, is equal to 2.73 when the Ni-mesh (ε=43%) was used. Thus, the traditional non-slip condition cannot be used at the interface between the air and the porous medium. This result is important for correct estimations of velocity and pressure distributions in interconnects.

關鍵字(中)

★ DPIV量測
★ 滑移速度
★ 雙極板
★ 固態氧化物燃料電池
★ 多孔性流道

關鍵字(英)

★ slip velocity
★ Solid oxide fuel cell
★ porous flow channel
★ bipolar plate (interconnect)
★ DPIV measurement

論文目次

目錄
中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
致謝 III
目錄 IV
圖表目錄 VII
符號說明 X
第一章前言 1
1.1研究動機 1
1.2問題所在 3
1.3解決方法 5
1.4論文概要 6
第二章文獻回顧 9
2.1 SOFC的操作原理 9
2.2 SOFC的發展沿革 10
2.3 SOFC流場特性分析之相關研究 12
2.3.1 影響流場特性因子 13
2.3.2流場特性與其他傳輸現象之相互關係 15
2.4 陽極鎳網概念應用 16
2.5 流場可視化方法 17
2.6 多孔性介質流場特性相關研究 18
第三章實驗設備與實驗方法 25
3.1 液態流場觀測水力測試平台 25
3.1.1 流場觀測設備 25
3.1.2 雙極板設計製作 26
3.1.3 實驗方法 27
3.1.4 影像與速度分析方法 29
3.2 氣態流場DPIV速度量測系統 30
3.2.1 氣態流場量測平台 30
3.2.2 實驗條件與方法 30
3.2.3 影像拍攝與速度場計算 31
3.3 孔隙度與相關參數量測 32
3.3.1 孔隙分析儀規格簡介 33
3.3.2 材料基本性質量測 33
3.3.3 量測方法與步驟 34
3.3.4 量測結果 36
第四章結果與討論 43
4.1 液態雙極板流場均勻度分析 43
4.1.1 流道設計之流場 43
4.1.2 鎳網設計之流場 44
4.1.3 雷諾數與流場均勻度之關係 45
4.2 氣態多孔性單一流道速度場分析 46
4.2.1 水霧粒子的適用性 46
4.2.2 速度向量場特性 47
4.2.3 孔隙度與滑移速度之關係 48
第五章結論與未來工作 62
5.1 雙極板設計與流場均勻性的關係 62
5.2 鎳網設計之雙極板流場與劣化的相關性 62
5.3 氣態多孔介質滑移速度量測 63
5.4 未來工作 63
參考文獻 65

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顏正和 “平板式固態氧化物燃料電池雙極板之流道設計與流場觀測”，國立中央大學機械工程系，碩士論文 (2004)。
黃家明、顏正和、邱耀平和施聖洋 “固態氧化物燃料電池雙極板流體動力特性分析”，中華民國力學學會第二十九屆全國力學會，論文集光碟，新竹市國立清華大學，12月16-17日 (2005)。

指導教授

施聖洋(Shenqyang Shy)

審核日期

2006-7-24

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