連續流循序批分式活性污泥系統
好氧相即時曝氣控制策略之發展
— 低溶氧生物脫氮除磷程序控制技術之研究

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卓伯全(Bo-Chao CHo) 查詢紙本館藏

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論文名稱

連續流循序批分式活性污泥系統好氧相即時曝氣控制策略之發展 — 低溶氧生物脫氮除磷程序控制技術之研究
(Development of a Real-time Aeration Control Strategy for Low DO LevelBiological Nutrient Removal (BNR) Process Control of a Continuous-Flow Sequencing Batch Reactor )

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摘要(中)

為提昇連續流循序批分式活性污泥系統（ Continuous-Flow SequencingBatch Reactor, CFSBR）的整體處理效率及效益，本研究乃藉由低溶氧生物攝磷及硝化反應動力參數之分析，以評估其程序控制之可行性並界定成效
限制因子，並結合線上即時量測溶氧轉換比率（at）及系統需氧速率（ODt+Dt）用以表現微生物用氧行為與特性的探討，研擬即時曝氣控制的方法，以控
制CFSBR 系統於低溶氧環境中同時進行生物攝磷及氨硝化程序。研究結果顯示，CFSBR 系統之兼氣性微生物可被馴化及控制在低溶氧環境中進行生物攝磷及氨氮硝化程序。當微生物被馴化並控制在低溶氧環境進行生
物攝磷及氨氮硝化程序過程中，突增曝氣量或改變系統溶氧濃度，將會干擾生物攝磷機制及降低氨氮硝化的速率，導致脫氮除磷成效的惡化。厭氧相所需維持的氧化還原狀態為低溶氧生物攝磷及氨氮硝化程序之成效限
制因子。有效控制硝化產物以亞硝酸鹽及硝酸鹽的型式共同存在，且降低硝酸鹽與亞硝酸鹽的濃度比例，不僅可縮短缺氧脫硝反應的時間及促進脫硝反應的完全，同時可促使後續操作循環之厭氧相處於ORP < -250 mV 的氧化還原狀態，進而降低硝酸鹽對生物厭氧釋磷作用的抑制效應，使整體脫氮除磷效率大幅提昇。根據即時曝氣控制方法所量測之溶氧轉換比率與系統需氧速率等資訊，可瞭解CFSBR 系統微生物進行生物攝磷與硝化反應過程中的用氧行為，包括：系統溶氧進入微生物細胞以進行恢復代謝基質活性的時機、微生物活性恢復的機、及硝化反應型態等。結合上述的微生物用氧行為量測的方法修正即時曝氣控制方法，將可提高程序控制的穩定性與提昇整體操作效率及效益。

摘要(英)

The purpose of this study is to develop a real-time aeration control method to
control the aerobic bio-phosphorus uptake and ammonia nitrogen nitrification
processes operated under low DO level conditions, to increase the
comprehensive performance of Continuous-Flow Sequencing Batch Reactor
(CFSBR). The study results showed the facultative organisms in CFSBR
could be acclimated and controlled under low DO levels and low ORP states to
perform the simultaneous bio-phosphorus uptake and ammonia nitrogen
nitrification processes, and high comprehensive performance of CFSBR were
obtained. The performance limiting factor of low DO level bio-phosphorus
uptake and nitrification processes is the ORP state in anaerobic phases.
Control the nitrified productions were coexistence of NO2
--N and NO3
--N, as
well as low NO3
--N/NO3
--N ratios were presented, could increase the efficiency
of the anoxic denitrification processes and eliminate the inhibition effects of
bio-phosphorus release in the anaerobic phases, thus increase the performance
of low level bio-phosphorus uptake and nitrification processes. The on-line
measured information of the oxygen transfer ratios and the oxygen demand rates could characterize the microbial oxygen utilization behaviors in the low DO level bio-phosphorus uptake and ammonia nitrogen nitrification processes.Integrate the on-line measured information of the oxygen transfer ratios and the oxygen demand rates into the real-time aeration control method could increase
the stability of process controls and the effectiveness of operations.

關鍵字(中)

★ 溶氧生物攝磷
★ 需氧速率
★ 溶氧轉換比率

關鍵字(英)

★ oxygen utilization behaviors
★ CFSBR

論文目次

第一章前言1
1.1 研究緣起1
1.2 研究目的2
1.3 研究內容及流程3
第二章文獻回顧6
2.1 CFSBR 系統脫氮除磷程序之沿革6
2.1.1 厭氧相生化反應機制及其影響因子8
2.1.2 好氧相生化反應機制及其影響因子16
2.1.3 缺氧相生化反應機制及其影響因子22
2.1.4 再曝氣相24
2.1.5 沉澱相26
2.2 CFSBR 系統自動監測控制系統之發展26
2.2.1 廢水自動監測控制設備之研究及應用27
2.2.1.1 DO 原理及其於廢水處理上的應用27
2.2.1.2 pH 原理及其於廢水處理上的應用29
2.2.1.3 ORP 原理及其於廢水處理上的應用30
2.2.2 CFSBR 系統自動監測控制系統之研究40
第三章問題瞭解與解決方案44
3.1 CFSBR 系統程序控制上的問題瞭解44
3.1.1 除磷成效不穩定的問題與原因44
3.1.2 ORP/pH 即時監測控制點受干擾的問題與原因53
3.1.3 污泥沉降性不良的問題與原因55
3.2 解決方案之研擬與執行成效評估59
3.2.1 溶氧即時控制策略59
3.2.2 即時曝氣控制策略65
第四章低溶氧生物攝磷與氨氮硝化之理論與假說69
4.1 CFSBR 系統之界定69
4.2 含碳有機物之好氧代謝71
4.3 生物除磷機制73
4.3.1 生物除磷菌厭氧代謝模式78
4.3.2 生物除磷菌好氧代謝模式84
4.3.3 生物除磷反應動力參數之比較87
4.4 生物除氮機制89
第五章研究設備及方法92
5.1 研究設備及材料92
5.1.1 連續流循序批分式活性污泥系統92
5.1.2 人工廢水組成與活性污泥98
5.1.3 實驗分析設備與水質分析方法102
5.2 程序控制與反應動力參數分析方法104
5.2.1 操作相即時控制方法104
5.2.2 比基質去除率計算方法104
5.2.3 決定qS,max 及KS 方法106
第六章結果與討論107
6.1 低溶氧生物攝磷及氨氮硝化程序之可行性評估107
6.2 低溶氧生物攝磷及氨氮硝化程序成效限制因子之界定115
6.3 低溶氧生物攝磷及氨氮硝化程序微生物用氧行為之界定117
6.3.1 氧進入微生物細胞時機之界定117
6.3.2 微生物恢復基質代謝活性時機之界定120
6.3.3 系統需氧速率與硝化反應型態之關係123
6.4 修正即時曝氣控制方法及其執行成效評估125
6.4.1 修正即時曝氣控制方法125
6.4.2 即時曝氣控制執行成效評估130
第七章結論與建議136
5.1 結論136
5.2 建議137
參考文獻138
附錄：水質分析方法150

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指導教授

廖述良(Shu-Liang Liaw)

審核日期

2003-10-23

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