介電質放電技術控制小型重油鍋爐氮氧化物排放之可行性研究

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吳非霖(Fei-Ling Wu ) 查詢紙本館藏

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介電質放電技術控制小型重油鍋爐氮氧化物排放之可行性研究
(NOx Removal via Dielectric Barrier Discharges for small Oil-Fired Boiler Exhaust)

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摘要(中)

為因應民國91年即將實施的加嚴氮氧化物排放標準，工業界目前大多採用燃燒後處理技術(Post Combustion Technology)對NOx排放量進行控制，最常見的應用技術包括有SCR與SNCR等。有鑑於此二法於實際應用上有其使用限制，並可能引發二次污染，因此尋求創新技術改善傳統技術的缺失，同時提升De-NOx處理效率，已成為各國學術界及工業界共同努力的目標。本研究首先利用介電質放電技術進行小型重油鍋爐氮氧化物排放之模場規模(pilot scale)初步控制試驗，再經由實驗室模擬廢氣組成進行實驗室規模之放電研究，探討反應器之介電材質、外電極材質與型式、反應器管徑、內電極規格等各參數對氮氧化物去除率與能量效率之影響，以尋求介電質反應器最佳控制參數。研究中並應用介電質放電技術與濕式法控制氮氧化物時優缺點互補的特性，將兩技術結合以有效提升氮氧化物去除效率，最後並針對此一技術進行初步成本分析，並評估此技術控制氮氧化物之可行性。實廠測試結果顯示，NO、NOx去除率隨供給電壓、供電頻率及乙烯添加劑量增加而上升。當鍋爐操作在小火燃燒條件下，有較佳之NO與NOx去除效率，其中NO去除率最佳可達81%，而最佳NOx去除率只達37%。在多組反應器參數之研究結果中，以石英介電材質、銅片外電極、反應器管外徑2 cm及直徑0.64 cm不銹鋼棒內電極之反應器具有最佳之NO去除效率與能量效率。當介電質放電系統之供給電壓為18 kV、放電區長度20 cm、氣體流量2 lpm、氣體組成為[NO]/[O2]/[CO2]/[H2O] = 250 ppmv:2.5 %:10 %:3.0 %、後端串聯0.1 M之Na2SO3或Na2S洗滌設備時，NOx之去除率分別可達90%與93%。本研究結果證實，以介電質放電系統結合濕式洗滌法去除氮氧化物之技術確實可行，深具發展潛力。

摘要(英)

Stricter NOx emission standards have been issued worldwide in recent years because NOx not only leads to the formation of acid deposition and photochemical smog, but also imposes adverse effects on human health, vegetation, and materials. SCR and SNCR are the most common post combustion techniques for removing NOx from stationary sources. However, theses technologies leave some unavoidable disadvantages, such as poisoning of catalysts or narrow temperature windows. In order to improve those limitations, developing more effective techniques for controlling NOx emission has become an important issue in the research and industrial field.
In this study, the pilot-scale dielectric barrier discharges (DBD) process were firstly investigated to remove NOx from industrial flue gas of a small oil-fired boiler. Then, we investigated the laboratory-scale DBD reactor combining with wet scrubber for NO and NOx removal. The effects of operational parameters including dielectric material, outer electrode material, reactor diameter, inner electrode type, and scrubber liquors on NOx removal efficiency are experimentally investigated. Experimental results indicate that the DBD reactor with quartz dielectric material, copper film outer electrode, 2 cm outer diameter, and 0.64 cm diameter of stainless steel inner electrode is of the most NO removal efficiency. When DBD combined with Na2SO3 and Na2S solutions, more than 90% of NO and NOx removal efficiency were achieved for the gas stream containing [NO]/[O2]/[CO2]/[H2O] = 250 ppmv：2.5%：10%：3.0%. Experimental results indicated that combining DBD with wet scrubbing to remove NOx was technically feasible.

關鍵字(中)

★ 介電質放電
★ 氮氧化物控制
★ 濕式法
★ 鍋爐

關鍵字(英)

★ Dielectric Barrier Discharges
★ NOx Control Technologies

論文目次

目錄
摘要
目錄 …………………………………………………………………I
表目錄.……………………………………………………………….IV
圖目錄.………………………………………………………………..V
第一章前言1
1-1 研究緣起1
1-2 研究目的與內容3
第二章文獻回顧4
2-1 氮氧化物的特性、來源與危害4
2-1-1氮氧化物的基本特性4
2-1-2氮氧化物的來源6
2-1-3 氮氧化物對健康與環境造成的衝擊7
2-2 氮氧化物生成機制8
2-2-1 熱生成機制8
2-2-2 燃料生成機制12
2-2-3 瞬時生成機制14
2-3 NOx控制原理與應用技術16
2-3-1 燃燒前處理16
2-3-2 燃燒程序修正16
2-3-3 燃燒後處理24
2-4 電漿生成原理、特性、種類及應用31
2-4-1 電漿生成原理31
2-4-2 電漿特性34
2-4-3 電漿種類35
2-4-4 電漿技術之應用36
2-5 電漿技術去除NOx之回顧37
2-5-1 電子束法37
2-5-2 電暈放電法38
2-5-3 介電質放電法40
2-5-3-1 添加劑對於電漿技術去除NOx 之影響43
2-5-3-2 氮氧化物在介電質放電程序中之轉化反應45
2-5-3-3 介電質放電法去除氮氧化物之發展趨勢53
第三章研究方法及設備54
3-1 研究方法54
3-1-1 研究流程與規劃54
3-1-2 操作參數之選定59
3-1-3 轉化效率之表示式61
3-2 實驗設備61
3-2-1 氣體供應系統61
3-2-2 操作參數控制系統64
3-2-3 介電質放電系統66
3-2-4 反應物及終產物之分析系統68
第四章結果與討論70
4-1 實廠DBD 去除氮氧化物試驗70
4-1-1乙烯劑量與鍋爐操作條件對氮氧化物去除率之影響70
4-1-2 放電頻率對氮氧化物去除率之影響76
4-1-3 乙烯劑量對氮氧化物能量效率之影響79
4-2 實驗室DBD去除氮氧化物試驗81
4-2-1 玻璃與石英介電質對去除率與能量效率之影響81
4-2-2 外電極對去除率與能量效率之影響85
4-2-3 反應器管徑對去除率與能量效率之影響87
4-2-4 內電極對去除率與能量效率之影響93
4-2-5 氣體濃度組成對氮氧化物去除率與能量效率之影響97
4-2-6 氣體流量對一氧化氮去除率與能量效率之影響104
4-2-7 放電區長度對一氧化氮去除率與能量效率之影響107
4-2-8 相同氣體停留時間下，多管並聯短放電區與單管長放電區型式對一氧化氮去除率與能量效率之影響111
4-3 電漿結合濕式法115
4-3-1 單純濕式法115
4-3-2 電漿結合濕式法119
4-3-3 產物分析123
第五章結論與建議132
5-1 結論132
5-2 建議135
參考文獻136

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指導教授

張木彬(Moo-Been Chang)

審核日期

2001-7-30

推文