北海岸石門地區氣膠化學特性

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姓名

林哲弘(Che-Hong Lin) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

環境工程研究所

論文名稱

北海岸石門地區氣膠化學特性
(Characterization of atmospheric aerosol in Shi-Men)

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摘要(中)

每年的3～5月間，中國大陸蒙古戈壁沙漠及黃土地區所生成的沙塵暴會經由東北季風及大陸冷高壓的攜帶東移，這些亞洲的礦物塵土可能以直接或間接的方式影響到東亞地區的能量平衡、氣候的變遷、能見度的衰竭，甚至進一步對人類的健康產生危害及水陸棲生態系統的平衡。
本研究於2002年1月至4月之間在台北縣石門鄉台電核一廠附近的輻射測站旁（25°17.667’N 121°34.854’ E）進行密集性的PM10與PM2.5氣膠化學採樣，將所獲得的氣膠化學組成以後推氣流軌跡線進行分類探討，在軌跡線部分大致分為黃沙3類與非黃沙3類，將各類氣膠進行化學成分探討與比較
就氣膠的平均質量濃度方面，黃沙時期PM10/ PM2.5氣膠質量濃度比例會接近2.3或大於2.3以上，而非黃沙時期的PM10/ PM2.5氣膠質量濃度比例一般為2.3以下。在黃沙時期PM10氣膠的化學組成以Si、Ca、Al、Fe、Ti等地殼元素為主要部分，而非黃沙時期則以OC、SO42－為主要部分，在黃沙時期PM2.5氣膠的化學組成以Si、Ca、Al等為主要部分，而非黃沙時期則以OC、SO42－為主要部分。本研究並利用質量重建方法可以將PM10/ PM2.5的化學成分回復為原來的氧化態組成，可將氣膠化學組成的解析百分比分別提升至81﹪及90﹪以上。
在氣膠污染源推估方面，利用加強因子法發現Cl－、Mg2+、K+主要來自海水飛沫的貢獻，而Ca2+與SO42-主要來自非海水飛沫的貢獻， Si、K、Ca、Ti、Fe主要來自黃沙塵土貢獻，而Mg在黃沙時期主要由黃沙塵土貢獻，在非黃沙時期則為非黃沙塵土貢獻。利用氯離子損失法得知：石門地區氣膠的主要污染種類為海鹽類、二次硝酸鹽類及二次硫酸鹽類。
就整體的量測數值而言，本研究由於採樣地點受到區域性污染的程度較低，平常期間所測得的氣膠質量濃度偏低，但在黃沙來襲期間，受到嚴重污染，致使氣膠質量濃度產生明顯的變化，因此，不同類別的質量濃度差異頗大，標準偏差亦隨之較大。

摘要(英)

The yellow sand（YS）phenomenon is a dust storm which occurs in East Asia. The spring dust storms have significant influence on the regional energy balance and climate change, visibility reduction, health effects on humans, and on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems (Chung et al., 1996). During the YS is transported to Taiwan, which has significant influence on the aggravation of air quality, visibility reduction, health effects on humans, ecosystems impairments, and climate change. In this study, we cooperate with Asian Pacific Regional Aerosol Characterization to monitor the YS. Atmospheric aerosols were collected in Shi-men town, Taipei County from January to April. Aerosol mass concentration, water-soluble ions, aerosol elements, and carbonaceous contents are analyzed. From the bulk analysis, we can discriminate the chemical characterization of the YS from the normal dates.

關鍵字(中)

★ 後推氣流軌跡線
★ 加強因子法
★ 質量重建
★ 黃沙

關鍵字(英)

★ bulk analysis
★ source apportionment
★ APCA
★ The chlorine loss algorithm
★ OC/EC
★ RCMA
★ Yellow Sand

論文目次

1 前言 1
1.1 研究緣起 1
1.2 研究目的 2
2 文獻回顧 4
2.1 氣膠的分類、來源及對人體的危害 4
2.1.1 氣膠的分類及來源 4
2.1.2 氣膠的化學特性 7
2.1.3 氣膠對人體的危害 11
2.2 海洋氣膠的特性 12
2.2.1 海洋氣膠總濃度及粒徑核體積分布 13
2.2.2 海面上的非海鹽硫酸鹽氣膠 15
2.2.3 海鹽氣膠及其氯損失 17
2.3 大陸黃沙的特性 21
2.3.1 東亞黃沙發生源及氣候條件 22
2.3.2 中國黃沙的傳輸 23
2.3.3 黃沙氣膠的化學特性 24
2.3.4 黃沙氣膠的影響 25
3 研究方法 26
3.1 採樣地點及時間 29
3.2 採樣測量方法及步驟 31
3.2.1 濾紙的前處理 31
3.2.2 R&P Partisol Model 2300 Speciation Sampler 33
3.2.3 R&P 2000 FRM Sampler 39
3.2.4 δ-IAS採樣器 41
3.2.5 R&P TEOM 1400a型 PM10監測儀 45
3.2.6 樣品保存方法 48
3.3 氣膠微粒分析方法 49
3.3.1 濾紙秤重 49
3.3.2 氣膠微粒碳元素分析 49
3.3.3 氣膠微粒元素分析 54
3.3.4 氣膠微粒水溶性離子分析 56
3.4 氣膠污染來源及貢獻量推估 58
3.4.1 加強因子分析法 58
3.4.2 氯離子損失法 59
4 結果與討論 64
4.1 石門採樣期間氣象資料 65
4.2 PM10氣膠化學特性及組成 69
4.2.1 PM10氣膠質量濃度 69
4.2.2 PM10氣膠碳成分 79
4.2.3 PM10氣膠元素濃度 82
4.2.4 PM10氣膠水溶性離子 86
4.2.5 PM10氣膠化學組成百分比 106
4.2.6 PM10氣膠化學組成探討 108
4.2.7 海水因子加強法 111
4.2.8 塵土因子加強法 114
4.2.9 氯離子損失法 116
4.3 PM2.5氣膠化學特性及組成 117
4.3.1 PM2.5氣膠質量濃度 117
4.3.2 PM2.5氣膠碳成分 126
4.3.3 PM2.5氣膠元素濃度 129
4.3.4 PM2.5氣膠水溶性離子 133
4.3.5 PM2.5氣膠化學組成百分比 153
4.3.6 PM2.5氣膠化學重建組成探討 155
4.3.7 海水加強因子法 157
4.3.8 塵土加強因子法 159
4.3.9 氯離子損失法 161
4.4 黃沙氣膠的軌跡線分類 162
4.4.1 不同軌跡線類別氣膠質量濃度探討 170
4.4.2 黃沙時期氣膠碳成分探討 174
4.4.3 軌跡線類別的氣膠元素濃度 177
4.4.4 軌跡線類別的氣膠水溶性離子 183
4.4.5 軌跡線類別氣膠化學組成百分比 187
4.4.6 軌跡線氣膠化學組成探討 193
4.4.7 軌跡線類別氣膠化學特性總結 197
4.4.8 海水加強因子法 199
4.4.9 塵土加強因子法 204
4.4.10 氯離子損失法 210
4.5 最強黃沙的氣膠化學特性探討 213
4.5.1 最強黃沙氣膠質量濃度探討 213
4.5.2 氣膠碳成分 214
4.5.3 氣膠元素濃度 215
4.5.4 氣膠水溶性離子 218
4.5.5 氣膠化學組成 235
4.5.6 氣膠重建質量 237
4.5.7 最強黃沙氣膠污染源探討 238
5 結論 242
參考文獻 246

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指導教授

李崇德(Chung-Te Lee)

審核日期

2002-10-9

推文