電弧爐煉鋼廠及中小型焚化爐戴奧辛物種分佈探討

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黃鴻期(Hung-Chi Huang) 查詢紙本館藏

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環境工程研究所

論文名稱

電弧爐煉鋼廠及中小型焚化爐戴奧辛物種分佈探討
(Evaluation of the Emission Characteristics of PCDD/Ffrom Electric Arc Furnaces and Industrial Waste Incinerators)

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摘要(英)

Electric arc furnaces (EAFs) and industrial waste incinerators (IWIs) are major emission sources of dioxins in Taiwan. For EAFs, the flue gases were sampled after CO converter, prior to baghouse and stack to measure dioxin concentrations and to investigate the characteristics of PCDD/F congener distribution. Dioxin emissions at stages of oxidation and reduction at an EAF were also characterized. Besides, slag, BF ash, and cyclone ash were sampled and analyzed. In EAF, the PCDD/F concentration emitted at oxidation stage is higher than that during reduction stage for all sampling points, including the points of CO converter outlet, prior to baghouse and stack. The removal efficiency (86.2 %) of particulate-phase PCDD/Fs was higher than that in gas phase (35.6 %) with fabric filtration. BF ash has the highest PCDD/F concentration (31.2 ng/g) of all ashes sampled. As for IWI, WET-EP applied achieves a higher removal efficiency for particulate-phase PCDD/Fs (90.5 %) than that in gas-phase. The removal efficiency (84.5 %) of gas-phase PCDD/Fs was significantly higher than that in particulate-phase with fixed carbon bed. PCDD/F concentration of EP washing sludge is the highest (5,313 ng/g) in IWI. It is important to note that the washing water is circulated for reuse, therefore, PCDD/Fs accumulate in that, resulting in its high PCDD/F concentration. Major contributors to the dioxin concentrations at each sampling point of EAF and IWI include 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF, OCDD and OCDF. 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF contributes about 50 % Toxic Equivalent Quantity (TEQ) concentrations at each sampling point.

關鍵字(中)

★ 中小型事業廢棄物焚化爐
★ 電弧爐
★ 戴奧辛
★ 氧化期
★ 還原

關鍵字(英)

★ industrial waste incinerator
★ PCDD/Fs
★ electric arc furnace

論文目次

目錄
目錄……………………………………………………………………..…….Ⅰ
圖目錄……………………………………………………………..................Ⅳ
表目錄………………………………………………………………….…….Ⅷ
第一章前言………………………………………………………………1
1.1 研究緣起…………………………………………………………...1
1.2 研究背景及目的…………………………………………………...2
第二章文獻回顧…………………………………………………………4
2.1 戴奧辛之基本認識………………………………………………...4
2.1.1 戴奧辛之結構…………………………………………………4
2.1.2 戴奧辛之基本特性……………………………………………4
2.1.3 戴奧辛對人體健康及環境之影響……………………………8
2.2 戴奧辛之環境傳輸與流佈………………………………………….9
2.3 燃燒過程中戴奧辛之生成機制…………………………………...10
2.3.1 De Novo合成反應…………………………………………...12
2.3.2 前驅物異相催化反應………………………………………..12
2.4 戴奧辛污染源排放………………………………………………...13
2.4.1 各國戴奧辛污染源排放量……………………………………13
2.4.2 戴奧辛排放之管制標準………………………………………17
2.5 戴奧辛於環境中氣固相分佈……………………………………...19
2.6 國內電弧爐煉鋼廠與中小型廢棄物焚化廠現況………………...20
2.6.1 電弧爐煉鋼廠現況……………………………………………20
2.6.2 中小型廢棄物焚化廠現況……………………………………23
2.7 戴奧辛之控制技術……………………………………………...…28
2.8 粒狀物控制技術…………………………………………………...30
第三章研究方法………………………………………………………..33
3.1 研究流程設計……………………………………………………...33
3.2 採樣程序………………………………………………………….33
3.2.1 採樣對象選擇………………………………………………..33
3.2.2 煙道採樣程序………………………………………………..34
3.2.3 灰樣品採樣程序……………………………………………..34
3.3 實驗藥品與試劑……………………………………… ………….40
3.3.1 實驗藥品……………………………………………… ……..40
3.3.2 實驗溶劑……………………………………………… ……..41
3.4 實驗材料與設備……………………………………………… ….41
3.4.1 實驗材料……………………….………………………… ….41
3.4.2 實驗設備………………………………………………… …..42
3.5 採樣方法……………………………………………………… ….43
3.5.1 樣品瓶之清洗程序……………………………………… …..43
3.5.2 煙道採樣設備……………………………………………… ..43
3.6 戴奧辛分析方法………………………………………………… .50
3.6.1 樣品前處理……………………………………………… …..52
3.6.2 分析儀器條件之設定…………………………………… …..59
第四章結果與討論…………………………………………………….61
4.1 電弧爐煉鋼廠戴奧辛濃度分佈特性…………………………….61
4.1.1 電弧爐煉鋼廠戴奧辛排放量……………………………..61
4.1.2 電弧爐煉鋼廠戴奧辛氣固比及濃度分佈探討…………..63
4.1.3 電弧爐實廠操作參數與PCDD/Fs濃度之關係………….76
4.1.4 電弧爐煉鋼廠戴奧辛之去除效率探討………………….77
4.2 電弧爐煉鋼廠爐渣及飛灰中戴奧辛濃度分佈特性…………….78
4.3 中小型焚化爐戴奧辛濃度分佈特性…………………………….80
4.3.1 中小型焚化爐戴奧辛排放量……………………………..81
4.3.2 中小型焚化爐戴奧辛氣固比及濃度分佈探討…………..84
4.3.3 中小型焚化爐實廠操作參數與PCDD/Fs濃度之關係…91
4.3.4 中小型焚化爐戴奧辛之去除效率探討………………....93
4.4 中小型焚化爐灰份中戴奧辛濃度分佈特性…………………...95
4.5 各廠戴奧辛濃度分佈探討與比較……………………………...96
4.5.1 各廠煙道氣與灰份中戴奧辛濃度分佈探討與比較……96
4.5.2 各廠戴奧辛濃度與粒狀物濃度相關性之探討與比較.103
4.6 各廠戴奧辛排放推估…………………………………………108
4.6.1 電弧爐煉鋼過程戴奧辛流佈特性分析……………….108
4.6.2 電弧爐煉鋼廠戴奧辛排放係數…………………………110
4.6.3 中小型廢棄焚化過程戴奧辛流佈特性分析……………114
4.6.4 中小型焚化爐戴奧辛排放係數…………………………117
第五章結論與建議…………………………………………………...119
5.1 結論……………………………………………………………...119
5.2 建議……………………………………………………………...121
參考文獻…………………………………………………………………..122

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指導教授

張木彬(Moo-Been Chang)

審核日期

2004-7-14

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