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姓名 陳贊名(Tsan-Ming Chen) 查詢紙本館藏 畢業系所 化學工程與材料工程學系 論文名稱 單電解水溶液離子活性係數與溫度之關係 相關論文 檔案 [Endnote RIS 格式] [Bibtex 格式] [相關文章] [文章引用] [完整記錄] [館藏目錄] [檢視] [下載]
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摘要(中) 本研究的目的是利用離子選擇性電極,量測在不同溫度下單電解質KCl、NaCl、KBr與NaBr水溶液中,個別離子的活性係數。並從這些個別的離子活性係數,計算求得電解質水溶液的平均離子活性係數。
實驗結果顯示,在單電解質水溶液中,陽離子的活性係數,與陰離子的活性係數不同。這由於離子間、及離子與溶劑間的交互作用力。而離子的活性係數,也與相反離子的性質有關。在溫度效應下,固定濃度的單電解質水溶液其離子活性係數隨著系統溫度的升高而降低。
本研究的方法,與以往汽液平衡實驗數據不同,在於以實驗方法,獲得單電解質水溶液中,個別離子的活性係數,並以此實驗數據,比較一些模式如:Chen et al. (1982)、與Pitzer (1980),探討之間的關係。
最後,以修正型的Pitzer-Debye-Hückel 模式,來關聯整個實驗數據,獲得不錯的擬合結果。如:溫度在298.15K的KCl電解質水溶液中,個別離子活性係數關聯結果誤差百分率(error ﹪)值皆小於1.5﹪。摘要(英) This study concerns using ion-selective electrodes to measure the individual ion activity coefficients at different temperature in aqueous solutions of KCl、NaCl、KBr and NaBr. The mean ionic activity coefficients of these electrolytes in aqueous solutions are obtained from the values of the individual ion activity coefficients.
The mean ionic activity coefficients of aqueous electrolyte solutions obtained at 298.15 K of present experiments show good agreement to the literature values. The experimental results show that the activity coefficients are different for the anion and the cation in an aqueous solution of a single electrolyte. This is due to the ion-ion and ion-solvent interactions, and the nature of its counterion. The ionic activity coefficient the above in electrolytes aqueous solution decreases with increasing temperature at constant concentration.
The experimental individual ionic activity coefficients are compared to those obtained from correlation models of chen et al.(1982), Pitzer(1980). Finally, the modified Pitzer-Debye-Hückel model was used to correlate the experimental results with good agreement.關鍵字(中) ★ 離子活性係數
★ 電解質關鍵字(英) ★ cation
★ electrolyte
★ activity coefficient
★ anion論文目次 中文摘要 Ⅰ
英文摘要 Ⅱ
目錄 Ⅲ
圖目錄 Ⅴ
表目錄 Ⅵ
符號說明 Ⅷ
第一章 緒論 1
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2-1 電解質溶液平均活性係數模式之回顧 3
2-2 電解質溶液個別離子活性係數相關文獻之回顧 7
第三章 理論說明 9
3-1 電解質溶液之熱力學基本性質 9
3-1-1 重量莫耳濃度與莫耳分率 9
3-1-2 離子強度 9
3-1-3 電解質平均活性係數 9
3-2 電位與熱力學之關係 10
3-2-1 能士特方程式(Nernst Equation) 11
3-3 活性係數之計算理論 12
3-4 實驗數據處理 16
第四章 電解質溶液實驗 17
前言 17
4-1 實驗裝置 17
4-2 實驗藥品 17
4-3 實驗設備 18
4-4 實驗步驟 18
4-4-1 電極的校正 18
4-4-2 單電解質溶液離子電位的量測 19
第五章 實驗結果與討論 21
5-1 電解質水溶液實驗結果 21
5-2 討論 21
第六章 結論與未來展望 24
參考文獻 26
圖 30
表 37參考文獻 Anath, M. S.; Ramachandran, S. Self-Consistent Local Composition Model of Electrolyte Solutions. AIChE J. 1990, 36, 370-385.
Bates, R. G. Determination of pH Theory and Practice, 2nd ed., John Wiley, New York, 1965.
Bates, R. G.; Staples, B. R.; Robinson, R. A. Ionic Hydration and Single Ion Activity in Unassociated Chlorides at High Ionic Strengths. Anal. Chem., 1970, 42, 867-871.
Brömley, L. A. Approximate Individual Ion Values of (or B) in Extended Debye-Hückel Theory for Uni-univalent Aqueous Solutions at 298.15 K. J. Chem. Thermodynamics. 1972, 4, 669-673.
Brömley, L. A. Thermodynamic Properties of Strong Electrolytes in Aqueous Solution. AIChE J. 1973, 19, 313-320.
Chen, C. C.; Britt, H. I.; Boston, J. F.; Evans, L. B. Extension and Application of the Pitzer Equation for Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium of Aqueous Electrolyte Systems with Molecular Solutes. AIChE J. 1979, 25, 820-830.
Chen, C. C.; Britt, H. I.; Boston, J. F.; Evans, L. B. Local Composition Model for Excess Gibbs Energy of Electrolytes Systems. AIChE J. 1982, 28, 588-595.
Chen, C. C.; Evans, L. B. A Local Composition Model for the Excess Gibbs Energy of Aqueous Electrolyte Systems. AIChE J. 1986, 32, 444-454.
Cruz, J. L.; Renon, H. A New Thermodynamic Representation of Binary Electrolyte Solutions Nonideality in the Whole Range of Concentrations. AIChE J. 1978, 24, 817-829.
Ghosh, S.; Patwardhan, V. S. Aqueous Solutions of Single Electrolytes: A Correlation Based on Ionic Hydration. Chem. Eng. Sci. 1990, 45, 79-87.
Gibbs, J. W., Collected Works, Vol. 1, Longmans Green, New York, 1928.
Guggenheim, E. A. The Conception of Electrical Potential Difference Between Two Phace and the Individual Activities of Ions. J. Phys. Chem. 1929, 31, 842-854.指導教授 李亮三(Liang-Sun Lee) 審核日期 2000-6-20 推文 facebook plurk twitter funp google live udn HD myshare reddit netvibes friend youpush delicious baidu 網路書籤 Google bookmarks del.icio.us hemidemi myshare