非離子性有機污染物於低有機質土壤中
分佈行為之研究

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許慈容(Tzu-Jung Hsu) 查詢紙本館藏

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環境工程研究所

論文名稱

非離子性有機污染物於低有機質土壤中分佈行為之研究
(Nonionic Organic Compounds uptake on the low organic matter soil )

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摘要(中)

在含水飽和之系統中，土壤無機相被極性水分子所佔據，故系統中之有機污染物質以土壤有機質之兩相分佈作用為主，其吸附等溫線為線性；並以有機碳分佈常數Koc值，表示該特定的非離子有機污染物(NOCs)在土壤-水系統中流佈趨勢之指標值。然而近年來許多研究發現土壤有機質之結構、含量以及非離子有機污染物之物化特性等，對此常數造成影響。本研究針對於土壤有機質含量極低時，Koc值產生明顯變化之情形作為探討目標；利用鈉蒙特石作為吸附劑，將陽離子染料與界面活性劑作為吸附於土壤表面作為有機質唯一來源，並將所製備之低有機質土壤，進行污染物( BTEX與有機氯農藥)批次吸附實驗。
實驗結果顯示在低有機質土壤中，非離子有機污染物之Koc值確實高出一般土壤約4~10倍。當土壤被極少量有機質覆蓋時，無機相之極性作用力仍會透過有機相，而作用至到非離子有機污染物上，此現象較類似吸附作用，因此吸附等溫線之線性關係逐漸減弱，形成些許彎曲現象，又以BTEX極性較高的有機化合物受到土壤無機相極性作用最為明顯。

摘要(英)

In the water-saturated soil system, the mineral phase of soil is occupied by the polar water molecules. The extent of soil uptake for contaminants is mainly controlled by partitioning to the soil organic matter and the sorption isotherms are all relatively linear. Normally, organic carbon normalized partition coefficient (Koc) is used to predict the distribution of NOCs (Nonionic Organic Compounds, NOCs) in the soil–water system. Our previous finding indicate that the quantity and the composition of soil organic matter would affect the organic carbon normalized partition coefficient (Koc). Therefore, the objective for our study is to elucidate the variation of Koc under the extremely low soil organic matter content.
Na-montmorillonite was used as adsorbent. The cation dye and surfactant that adsorbed on the soil surface were the only source of the soil organic matter. Organochemical-clay complexes were prepared by reacting clay with organic cation. Adsorption isothems of NOCs (BTEX and organochlorine pesticides) were obtained by the batch experiment.
The experimental results show that the Koc of the NOCs is significantly higher than natural soil about 4~10 times. When the soil was covered by only a few organic matter, the polar force of the soil mineral can penetrate organic matter film react on the NOCs. The predominant effect of SOM in this case is more like adsorption than partitioning. Moreover, all adsorption isotherms became a little crooked in this condition. Furthermore, BTEX which with higher polarity are profoundly affected by the polarity of soil mineral phase.

關鍵字(中)

★ Partitoning
★ Koc
★ 矽酸鹽類
★ 土壤有機質
★ Adsorption

關鍵字(英)

★ adsorption
★ layer silicate
★ Koc
★ partition
★ soil organic matter

論文目次

目錄
第一章　前言 1
1-1研究緣起 1
1-2研究目的 3
1-3研究內容 3
第二章　文獻回顧 5
2-1 土壤的基本組成與性質 5
2-1-1土壤無機質 5
2-1-2土壤有機質(soil organic matter) 7
2-1-3土壤表面電荷 9
2-1-4土壤陽離子交換當量(Cation Exchange Capacity) 10
2-1-5土壤無機質之極性 13
2-2土壤的吸持 14
2-2-1吸附理論 14
2-2-2等溫吸附模式 15
2-2-3分佈定律 (Partitioning) 19
2-2-4有機碳分佈常數(Koc) 21
2-3分子內聚能密度與溶解度參數 23
2-3-1分子內聚能密度(cohesive energy density) 23
2-3-2溶解度參數 24
2-4 NOC於低有機質土壤中Koc的上升現象 27
第三章　研究內容、方法及設備 28
3-1研究內容 28
3-2研究流程 29
3-3研究方法 30
3-3-1低有機質土壤之製備 30
3-3-2低有機質土壤-水系統中對NOCs之吸附平衡實驗 32
3-3-3非離子有機污染物(NOCs)之檢量線 36
3-3-4低有機質土壤之有機碳量計算 38
3-3-5非離子性有機污染物之Koc計算 38
3-4研究設備 40
3-5研究材料 42
3-5-1土壤 42
3-5-2陽離子界面活性劑與染料 43
3-5-3非離子性有機污染物 46
3-5-4 溶劑 49
第四章　結果與討論 51
4-1低有機質土壤之理化性質分析及前置實驗 51
4-1-1掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM) 51
4-1-2鈉蒙特石膨化前後之理化性質差異 53
4-1-3最適當吸附劑測定 54
4-1-4土壤中有機碳定量分析 55
4-1-5 回收率 56
4-2低有機質土壤-水系統對NOCs之吸持 58
4-2-1低有機質土壤-水系統對BTEX之吸持現象 58
4-2-2低有機質土壤-水系統對有機氯農藥之吸持現象 67
4-3土壤有機質含量對NOCs分佈常數的影響 78
4-3-1 BTEX Koc的變化 79
4-3-2 有機氯農藥之Koc變化 83
4-4 NOCs之理論、文獻與實驗Koc值 87
4-5 NOCs與人工有機質其結構對分佈作用中之影響 93
4-6 NOCs與有機質之溶解度參數(δ)對Koc值之影響 96
4-7 NOCs的水溶解度Sw與Koc之變化關係 98
第五章　結論與建議 100
5-1結論 100
5-2建議 101
參考文獻 102

參考文獻

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指導教授

李俊福(Jiunn-Fwu Lee)

審核日期

2006-7-21

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