碳氣凝膠電容系統對水中重金屬離子競爭吸附之研究

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李明翰(Ming-han Lee) 查詢紙本館藏

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環境工程研究所

論文名稱

碳氣凝膠電容系統對水中重金屬離子競爭吸附之研究
(Competitive Electrosorption of Metal Ions by Carbon Aerogel)

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摘要(中)

本研究旨在了解碳氣凝膠電極所建立之電容系統，在競爭吸附情況時，電容去離子化的情形。實驗使用重金屬溶液為氯化鉻、氯化銅及氯化鉛，初始濃度皆為0.5 毫莫爾濃度，在多金屬系統的競爭組合為兩金屬的氯化銅及氯化鉛、氯化銅及氯化鉻與三金屬的氯化鉻、氯化銅及氯化鉛。單一金屬系統為比較離子半徑及價數不同在去除重金屬離子的能力，而多金屬系統則為研究不同電壓及競爭情況下去除的情況。
在單一金屬系統去除效率方面，金屬在相同價數情況下，銅的去除效率較鉛為高，是由於銅的離子半徑較小。而在不同價數的比較中，銅的去除效率也較鉻為高，是由於鉻價數較大，使得電容器僅能夠容納較少的鉻。在兩金屬組合的氯化銅及氯化鉛競爭下，鉛的去除效率較佳，氯化銅及氯化鉻組合中，銅的去除效率較佳。而在鉻、銅及鉛三金屬競爭情況下為去除效率為銅大於鉻，再大於鉛。
電壓可以影響兩金屬組合中的氯化銅與氯化鉛的去除能力，然而在有鉻金屬存在的狀況下，電壓並不能影響其對金屬的去除能力，且被吸附的金屬並不能隨著解除電壓而釋放出來。而在比較鉻、銅及鉛三金屬競爭的能力，鉻為三者中最佳，其次為鉛最後為銅。

摘要(英)

The objective of this work was to understand the competitive electrosorption of heavy metal by capatative deionization (CDI) equipped with carbon aerogel. Single-metal-ion system was studied to understand the effects of ionic radius and valence on the removal of heavy metal ions by CDI. Electrosorption of multi-metal-ion was conducted to investigate the effects of the applied voltage and competitive electrosorption of Pb2+/Cu2+, Cu2+/Cr3+, and Pb2+/Cu2+/Cr3+.
The initial concentrations of all three heavy metals used in this work (i.e., CrCl3, CuCl2, and PbCl2) were 0.5 mM in either single-metal-ion or multi-metal-ion systems. The adsorption of Cu2+ was better than that of Pb2+ because the electrosorption efficiency increased with decreasing ionic radius when metal ions have the same valence. The adsorption of Cr3+ was less than that of Cu2+ because Cr3+ had higher charge and the capacitor could hold less Cr3+.
For Pb2+ / Cu2+ adsorption, the adsorption of Pb2+ was better than that of Cu2+. For electrosorption of Cu2+ / Cr3+, the adsorption of Cu2+ was better than that of Cr3+. For electrosorption of Pb2+ / Cu2+ / Cr3+, the order of the adsorption amount and rate from the largest and fastest was Cu2+, Cr3+, and Pb2+. The adsorption of Cr3+ was the most competitive, followed by the adsorption of Pb2+ and, then Cu2+. The applied voltage showed effects on the electrosorption Pb2+ / Cu2+, however, showed no effects on the experiments with Cr3+. When Cr3+ was in the system, Cr3+ helped metal ions be fixed on the carbon aerogel after the removal of the applied voltage.

關鍵字(中)

★ 碳氣凝膠紙
★ 重金屬
★ 競爭吸附

關鍵字(英)

★ carbon aerogel
★ heavy metal
★ competitive electrosorption

論文目次

Figure Captions………………………………………………………………………IV
Tables........................................................................................................................VIII
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION………………………………………………….....1
1.1 General Background Information………………………………………..…..1
1.2 Objective……………………………………………………………………..3
CHAPTER II BACKGROUND…………………………………………………......4
2.1 Heavy Metal………………………………………………………………….4
2.1.1 Chromium……………………………………………………………..5
2.2.2 Copper………………………………………………………………...5
2.2.3 Lead…………………………………………………………………...6
2.2 Capacitive Deionization……………………………………………………...7
2.2.1 Removal of Impurities by the CDI Using Carbon Aerogel Electrodes.8
2.2.2 Advantages of the Capacitive Deionization…………………………..9
2.3 Factors Affect the Electrosorption of Carbon Aerogel Electrodes…...............9
2.3.1 Parameters of the Capacitance of Carbon Aerogel Electrodes………..9
2.3.2 Mechanisms of the Electrosorption of Carbon Aerogel Electrodes…11
2.4 Adorption of Heavy Metal Ions via Different Adsorbents………………….13
2.5 Carbon Aerogel……………………………………………………………..14
2.5.1 Aerogel………………………...…………………………………….15
2.5.2 The Preparation of Carbon Aerogel…………………………………15
2.5.3 The Characteristics of the Carbon Aerogel……………..…………...17
2.5.4 Applications of the carbon aerogel…………………………………..19
CHAPTER III MATERIALS AND METHODS…………………………………20
3.1 Materials……………………………………………………………………20
3.1.1 The Electrodes………………………………….…………………...20
3.1.2 The Reactor and the Monitoring Systems…………………………..22
3.1.3 Heavy Metal Solutions………………………………………...……22
3.2 The Method……………………………………………………………...…25
3.2.1 The Electrosorption of Heavy Metals………………………………25
3.2.2 Measurements of Ions and Characterization of Electrodes…………26
3.3 The Framework of This Study……………………………………………...29
CHAPTER Ⅳ RUSULTS AND DISCUSSION….………………………………30
4.1 Capacitive Deionization of Single Metal by Carbon Aerogel………………30
4.1.1 Electrosorption of Pb2+ by Carbon Aerogel……………….………...30
4.1.2 Electrosorption of Cu2+ by Carbon Aerogel…………………………33
4.1.3 Electrosorption of Cr3+ by Carbon Aerogel………………………....35
4.1.4 The Effect of Ionic Radius and Valence………………………….....37
4.2 Capacitive Deionization of Two Metals by Carbon Aerogel……………….38
4.2.1 Electrosorption of Pb2+ and Cu2+ by Carbon Aerogel…………...…..38
4.2.2 Electrosorption of Cu2+ and Cr3+ by Carbon Aerogel…………….…50
4.2.3 The Effect of Applied Voltage………………………………………66
4.3 Capacitive Deionization of Three Metals by Carbon Aerogel……………...71
4.3.1 Electrosorption of Pb2+, Cu2+, and Cr3+ by Carbon Aerogel………...71
4.3.2 Comparison of Single- and Multi-metals Systems…………………..75
CHAPTER Ⅴ CONCLUSION…………………………………………………...77
5.1 Conclusions…………………………………………………………………77
5.2 Suggestions…………………………………………………………………78
REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………...79

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指導教授

秦靜如(Ching-ju Chin)

審核日期

2009-7-24

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