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姓名 施韋宇(WEI-YU SHIH)  查詢紙本館藏   畢業系所 環境工程研究所
論文名稱 湖泊底泥中持久性有機汙染物之歷史變動趨勢
(Temporal Trends for Persistent Organic Pollutants in Lake Sediment)
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摘要(中) 湖泊、河川和海洋之底泥一般可視為持久性有機汙染物在環境中之最終的儲存場,因此持久性有機汙染物於水體、懸浮微粒、底泥及生物體之個別濃度變化趨勢將可呈現該區域之污染特性。其中,底泥在環境介質中扮演著污染事件紀錄的角色,故藉由汙染物於底泥中之濃度了解其地區受汙染的程度及歷史變化趨勢。本研究利用鑽取式採樣器(Core sampler)收集翡翠水庫及日月潭之深層底泥,研究結果顯示翡翠水庫底泥岩芯樣品中戴奧辛類化合物毒性當量濃度為0.750~2.81 pg-WHO-TEQ/g d.w.。日月潭底泥岩芯樣品中戴奧辛類化合物毒性當量濃度為0.111~1.39 pg-WHO-TEQ/g d.w.。翡翠水庫底泥中PCDDs與PCDFs比值為24.6~190,日月潭底泥中PCDDs與PCDFs比值為7.02~183。在物種分布方面,翡翠水庫底泥岩芯中OCDD分布百分比界於91至98%,日月潭底泥岩芯中OCDD所佔比例介於81%至98%,比較其結果日月潭OCDD所佔比例變動性較翡翠水庫大,日月潭底泥岩芯OCDD毒性當量濃度於深度28-30公分開始逐漸上升至表層,初步推論該歷史年代大量OCDD物質進入日月潭。多氯聯苯於兩湖泊底泥岩芯中主要優勢物種皆為PCB-118、PCB-105及PCB-77。翡翠水庫底泥中有機氯農藥含量顯示主要物種為DDTs、Chlordane、Dieldrin及HCB,其中DDTs含量最高,濃度變化為7.54×102至4.37×103 pg/g d.w.,Chlordane、Dieldrin及Hexachlorobenzene (HCB)濃度變化分別為5.55×102至8.54×102 pg/g d.w.、 3.05×102至9.71×102 pg/g d.w.、1.40×102至4.91×102 pg/g d.w.。日月潭底泥中有機氯農藥含量顯示主要物種為DDTs、Chlordane、Dieldrin及HCB,其中DDTs含量最高,濃度變化為5.44×102至1.38×103 pg/g d.w.,Chlordane、Dieldrin及Hexachlorobenzene (HCB)濃度變化分別為5.01×102至1.11×103 pg/g d.w.、 2.83×102至6.74×103 pg/g d.w.、1.11×102至4.55×103 pg/g d.w.。
摘要(英) Persistent organic pollutants, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (co-PCBs), DDTs, Chlordane, aldrin, Dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor and Hexachlorobenzene were determined in sediment core samples from the Feitsui Reservoir and the Sun Moon Lake. The total concentration of dioxins and their toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ; calculated with the WHO 2005 Toxic Equivalency Factors) value ranged from 0.750 to 2.81 pg-WHO-TEQ/g d.w.( Feitsui Reservoir) and 0.111 to 1.39 pg-WHO-TEQ/g d.w.( Sun Moon Lake) in the sediment. Based on toxic equivalent quantity analysis, OCDD showed a gradual increase from 28-30 cm toward the surface, indicating that the pollution source at that period might be more influenced by PCP and CNP. Profiles of the concentration and composition of PCDDs and PCDFs congeners in all sediment layers were predominated by higher chlorinated PCDDs, in particular OCDD which contributed more than 90% to the total PCDD/DFs concentration in the Feitsui Reservoir and the Sun Moon Lake. The PCDDs/DFs-derived TEQ contributed more than 90% of ΣTEQ (PCDDs/DFs and co-PCBs) in all the sediment layers detected. PCB-118 is the most dominant congener in all detectable samples, followed by PCB-105 and PCB-77. The overall concentration of DDTs, Chlordane, Dieldrin and Hexachlorobenzene ranged from 7.54×102 - 4.37×103 pg/g d.w., 5.55×102 - 8.54×102 pg/g d.w., 3.05×102 - 9.71×102 pg/g d.w., 1.40×102-4.91×102 pg/g d.w. in the sediment from the Feitsui Reservoir. The overall concentration of DDTs, Chlordane, Dieldrin and Hexachlorobenzene ranged from 5.44×102 - 1.38×103 pg/g d.w., 5.01×102 - 1.11×103 pg/g d.w., 2.83×102 - 6.74×103 pg/g d.w., 1.11×102 - 4.55×103 pg/g d.w. in the sediment from the Sun Moon Lake.
關鍵字(中) ★ 戴奧辛
★ 多氯聯苯
★ 底泥岩芯
★ 鑽取式採樣器
★ DDTs
★ Chlordane
關鍵字(英) ★ PCDDs/DFs
★ Co-PCBs
★ Sediment core
★ DDTs
★ Chlordane
★ Dieldrin
論文目次 摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
目錄 III
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 IX
第一章 前言 1
1.1研究緣起 1
1.2研究目的 2
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2.1持久性有機污染物之來源 3
2.1.1持久性有機污染物於國際管制現況 3
2.1.2持久性有機污染物於台灣管制現況 4
2.2環境中持久性有機污染物特徵與性質 6
2.2.1持久性有機污染物之物化特性 6
2.2.2持久性有機污染物之毒性 11
2.3底泥中持久性有機污染物之來源 14
2.3.1工廠製程所排放之持久性有機汙染物 17
2.3.2農用化學品中之持久性有機汙染物 19
2.4潛在之持久性有機汙染物 27
第三章 研究方法 30
3.1研究流程設計 30
3.2採樣地點規劃 30
3.2.1翡翠水庫 30
3.2.2日月潭 34
3.3底泥岩芯及表層底泥採樣方法 36
3.4戴奧辛樣品前處理方法 38
3.4.1實驗藥品 38
3.4.2實驗溶劑 39
3.4.3實驗材料 39
3.4.4實驗設備 40
3.4.5樣品分析程序 41
3.5底泥樣品含水量及總有機碳分析方法 57
3.6 推估各層底泥岩芯樣品沉積年代 58
3.6.1以210Pb活性偵測結果推估底泥沉積年代 58
3.6.2 以137Cs活性偵測結果推估底泥沉積年代 59
第四章 結果與討論 60
4.1 翡翠水庫 60
4.1.1底泥岩芯樣品之含水率及總有機碳 60
4.1.2戴奧辛類化合物濃度變化趨勢 61
4.1.3戴奧辛類化合物毒性當量濃度變化趨勢 67
4.1.4底泥岩芯中有機氯農藥濃度變化趨勢 71
4.2日月潭 73
4.2.1底泥岩芯樣品之含水率及總有機碳 73
4.2.2戴奧辛類化合物濃度變化趨勢 74
4.2.3戴奧辛類化合物毒性當量濃度變化趨勢 81
4.2.4有機氯農藥濃度變化趨勢 86
4.3推估翡翠水庫及日月潭持久性有機汙染物之歷史變化趨勢 88
4.4翡翠水庫與日月潭之比較 95
第五章 結論與建議 96
5.1結論 96
5.2建議 97
參考文獻 98
附錄A-1 翡翠水庫底泥岩芯中戴奧辛含量 104
附錄A-2 翡翠水庫底泥岩芯中多氯聯苯含量 105
附錄A-3 日月潭底泥岩芯戴奧辛含量 106
附錄A-4 日月潭底泥岩芯中多氯聯苯含量 109
附錄A-5翡翠水庫泥岩芯中有機氯農藥含量 112
附錄A-6日月潭底泥岩芯中有機氯農藥含量 113
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行政院環境保護署 毒性化學物質環境流布背景調查計畫 (2006)
林霧霆,”PCDD/Fs汙染水域水生物及鳥類之生物濃縮及生物放大研究”,碩士
論文,國立成功大學(2004)
徐慈鴻、李貽華及高清文,”戴奧辛生物快速篩檢法在農、畜及水產品的應用”
(2008)
清除世界持久性有機污染物【關於持久性有機污染物的斯德哥爾摩公約】指南
(中興譯)聯合國環境規劃署於2005 年4 月出版
指導教授 張木彬(Moo-been Chang) 審核日期 2009-7-28
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