桃園地區降水化學特性分析

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姓名

黃柏誠(Bo-Cheng Huang) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

大氣物理研究所

論文名稱

桃園地區降水化學特性分析
(The Characteristic of rainwater chemistry in Taoyuan County)

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摘要(中)

本文旨在探討桃園地區降水化學的特性，以了解影響桃園地區降水離子化學的主要貢獻來源。本研究使用，桃園酸雨網龍潭、桃園、新屋、復興和新屋五個測站，1993-2001年的降水化學資料，並應用多變量分析的方法分別對於降水化學和氣流軌跡做分析，以判別污染物源與受體的定性關係。
為了解化學離子可能來源，使用了因子分析。發現海鹽是桃園地區主要影響離子濃度變化的因子，在各站海鹽因子可以解釋50-70%離子濃度的變化，其次是當地污染和硫酸根因子，約可解釋15-20%離子濃度的變化。
聚類分析對於新屋、中壢和復興站三個測站的分析結果發現，源區是北方的氣流軌跡，對應的降水天氣型態為東北季風和秋冬季鋒面的降水，化學離子組成有較高的總離子濃度，其中大部分是海鹽離子與硫酸根離子，約分別佔了50%和20%的總離子濃度。源區是南方的氣流軌跡佔有較多的降水事件，約佔了50%-70%的降水事件，顯示對於桃園地區的降水特性有較大的影響，對應的降水天氣型態為春季鋒面和梅雨鋒面型降水。
桃園地區降水的pH值約在4.5-4.8之間，與亞洲鄰近國家相當，降水酸化的情況嚴重，硫酸根約佔總離子的20%左右，除了桃園和鄰近地區工業區所排放之外，冬季東北季風所伴隨的由中國東北方而來長程輸送貢獻也帶來相當可觀的硫沈降量。此外復興鄉硝酸根離子濃度較其他站高，推測有部分是由鄰近地區擴散而來。

摘要(英)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristic of rainwater chemistry in Taoyuan County. In this study used five stations of Taoyuan acid rain network. Rainwater chemistry data was collected from 1993-2001 and used multivariate statistical method to analyze rainwater chemistry and backward trajectory to understand the relationship of source and acceptor.
Rainwater chemistry data were analyzed using factor analysis to find the possible sources of the measured chemical species. The result find out sea salt and local pollution sources can explain 50-70% and 15-20% the variance of ion concentration.
Besides, I used cluster analysis in Shin Wu, Chung Li and Fu Shin to find the relationship of source and acceptor. When the trajectories come form north and correspond to northeast trend wind and fall &winter front, the sum of ions is the highest almost sea salt (50%) and SO42- ions (20%). When the trajectories come form south and correspond to spring front and mei-yu front include most precipitation events, about 50-70% events.
The pH value in Taoyuan County is about 4.5-4.8 and is quite the same as neighbor Asian countries. Appears the acidity in Taoyuan is severe. And SO42- is about 20% sum of ions. The possibly reason is the sulfur emission in Taoyuan and neighbor County and long range transport form northeast China. Besides the NO3- concentration of Fu Shin station is higher then other stations. The possibly reason is the diffused pollutant from neighbor area.

關鍵字(中)

★ 降水離子化學
★ 多變量分析

關鍵字(英)

★ multivariate statistical method
★ rainwater chemistry

論文目次

第一章前言 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 研究目的 2
第二章文獻回顧 3
2.1 酸雨的概述 3
2.1.1 酸雨的定義 3
2.1.2 酸雨的成因 3
2.1.3 影響酸雨的主要因子 5
2.1.4 酸雨的危害 6
2.2 桃園地區酸雨相關研究回顧 6
2.3 亞洲地區酸雨現況 8
2.3.1 現況 8
2.3.2 綜合比較 12
2.4 聚類分析之應用 13
2.4.1 利用聚類分析探討綜觀天氣系統 13
2.4.2 利用聚類分析探討降水離子組成的關聯性 13
2.4.3 利用聚類分析結合氣流軌跡模式 14
第三章研究方法 15
3.1 因子分析法 15
3.1.1 選用方法 18
3.2 聚類分析方法 18
3.3 使用模式簡介 23
3.4 降水天氣型態之分類方法 24
第四章結果與討論 27
4.1 資料處理 27
4.2 桃園地區降水化學與天氣型態關係 28
4.2.1 離子濃度 28
4.2.2 降水化學與降水天氣型態 31
4.3 因子分析 33
4.4.1 中壢站聚類分析結果 35
4.4.2 復興站聚類分析結果 38
4.4.3 新屋站聚類分析結果 42
4.4.4 三站總比較 45
4.5 個案分析 47
4.6 與亞洲各國結果比較 49
第五章結論 50
第六章建議與展望 52
參考文獻 53

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指導教授

林能暉(Neng-Huei Lin)

審核日期

2002-7-8

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