利用時頻轉換分析處理合成孔徑雷達之移動目標物影像

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姓名

王偉丞(Wei-Cheng Wang) 查詢紙本館藏

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太空科學研究所

論文名稱

利用時頻轉換分析處理合成孔徑雷達之移動目標物影像
(Joint Time-Frequency Analysis for SAR Imaging of Moving Targets)

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摘要(中)

合成孔徑雷達是一種微波遙測系統，其目的在於提供高解析的地表影像，尤其在固定的地表目標物與背景下，確實提供了很好的影像品質。然而在地表目標物為移動的情況之下，影像將變得模糊不清，且移動目標物與雷達間的都卜勒頻率與固定目標物與雷達間的都卜勒頻率相較之下變得複雜許多，而讓分析移動目標物的影像變得相當棘手與困難。
本研究主要利用時頻轉換方法，一種已廣泛應用於許多領域的結合時域與頻域的分析方法，來針對合成孔徑雷達移動目標物模擬影像作分析。主要利用從雷達訊號經處理後所得到的時頻平面圖，可得到移動目標物的都卜勒斜率與都卜勒中心頻率的偏移，再搭配推導出來的移動目標物都卜勒頻率公式，來作移動目標物的速度估算。
本實驗先從單一點移動目標物模擬影像起始，分別作不同方向與不同速度的估算，再加入多個點移動目標物的模擬影像，再用相同的估測方式估測一遍，以期達到可以使估測方法應用在不同情況的移動目標物模擬影像上，接著比較估測出來結果與當初設定的速度是否吻合。最後再利用真實影像來作估算，來驗證出此估測方法的實用性。

摘要(英)

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a kind of microwave remote sensing system. Its purpose lies in offering the high quality image of the earth’’s surface. But under the circumstances of moving targets, the image introduces smearing, and Doppler frequency between moving targets and radar becomes more complicated than it between stationary targets and radar. Then the analysis for imaging of moving targets is a difficult problem.
This research is mainly to use joint time-frequency analysis (JTFA) that combines analysis in time domain and in frequency domain, to analyze SAR imaging of moving targets. It has been applied successfully to many areas of signal processing. By using
JTFA, we can obtain the targets’ Doppler rate and Doppler centroid frequency from time-frequency plane figure of compressed radar signal. And combining to derive formula of targets’ Doppler frequency, we can estimate the velocity of moving targets.
This study started from the estimation of velocity on simulated SAR images of single-target, followed by estimating velocity on simulated SAR images of multi-target, including moving targets move at different velocities and in different directions. Then we compare whether the estimation results are similar to the simulated velocity or not. Finally, we estimate it on real image to confirm the practicability of the analysis.

關鍵字(中)

★ 時頻轉換
★ 合成孔徑雷達
★ 移動目標物

關鍵字(英)

★ moving targets
★ Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)
★ time-frequency analysis

論文目次

摘要............................................i
Abstract..........................................ii
誌謝............................................iii
目錄............................................iv
圖目錄..........................................vi
表目錄..........................................ix
第一章緒論.......................................1
1.1 研究動機與目的.................................1
1.2 文獻回顧與研究方法概述.........................2
1.3 論文架構.......................................4
第二章時頻轉換分析...............................5
2.1 簡介...........................................5
2.2 STFT...........................................6
2.2.1 數學式推導...................................6
2.2.2 STFT的特性...................................9
2.3 CWT...........................................10
2.4 WVD...........................................12
2.4.1 數學式推導..................................12
2.4.2 WVD的特性...................................14
2.5 STFT與WVD的分析比較..........................17
第三章雷達系統理論..............................22
3.1 雷達系統......................................22
3.2 解析度........................................24
3.2.1 距離方向解析度..............................24
3.2.2 方位方向解析度..............................26
3.3 合成孔徑雷達原理..............................27
3.4 sub-aperture分析.............................30
3.5 脈波訊號壓縮..................................32
第四章合成孔徑雷達..............................34
4.1 合成孔徑雷達與移動目標物的幾何關係............34
4.2 合成孔徑雷達發射訊號..........................35
4.2.1 鳥鳴訊號 (chirp signal).....................35
4.2.2 發射訊號....................................35
4.3 合成孔徑雷達回波訊號..........................37
4.3.1 距離方向回波訊號............................37
4.3.2 方位方向回波訊號............................38
4.3.3 天線場型....................................39
4.4 固定目標物的雷達回波分析......................40
4.4.1 固定目標物的雷達回波........................40
4.4.2 固定目標物的二維回波訊號....................41
4.5 移動目標物的雷達回波分析......................42
4.5.1 移動目標物的雷達回波........................42
4.5.2 移動目標物的都卜勒頻率......................44
4.5.3 移動目標物的二維回波訊號....................46
4.6 回波訊號的處理 ................................47
4.6.1 處理流程....................................48
4.6.2 數學表示式與固定點目標物範例................49
4.6.3 移動點目標物範例............................55
第五章模擬結果與速度估測........................60
5.1 估測方法架構流程.............................60
5.1.1 時頻轉換分析架構流程........................60
5.1.2目標物影像模糊長度分析架構流程...............62
5.1.3 sub-aperture分析架構流程....................64
5.2 模擬參數介紹..................................66
5.3 單一點目標物模擬影像與速度估測................67
5.3.1 方位方向的移動目標物模擬影像及速度估測......68
5.3.2 距離方向的移動目標物模擬影像及速度估測......74
5.4 多點目標物模擬影像與速度估測..................77
5.4.1不同方位線上方位方向移動的多點目標物.........77
5.4.2 結合兩個移動方向的多點目標物................86
5.4.3 同一方位線上不同移動速度的多點目標物........93
5.5 比較與討論...................................100
5.6 真實影像估測.................................101
第六章結論與未來展望...........................107
6.1 結論 ........................................107
6.2 未來展望.....................................108
參考文獻.........................................110

參考文獻

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指導教授

陳錕山、曾裕強
(Kun-Shan Chen、Yu-Chang Tzeng)

審核日期

2008-7-17

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