博碩士論文 91642002 詳細資訊




以作者查詢圖書館館藏 以作者查詢臺灣博碩士 以作者查詢全國書目 勘誤回報 、線上人數:60 、訪客IP:3.145.46.232
姓名 李準勝(Lee Chun-Sheng)  查詢紙本館藏   畢業系所 地球物理研究所
論文名稱 中台灣造山運動帶河流縱剖面構造地形指標之量化分析
(A Quantitative Analysis for Tectonic Geomorphology Indices of Longitudinal River Profile on the Orogeny of Central Taiwan)
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摘要(中) 由於板塊構造活動速率相當緩慢,人類歷史的記載是無法反應長時距的變化,而構造地形指標具有反應較長時距構造運動特徵的性質。本研究的目的是以河道縱剖面的數學擬合函數和坡降指數,以及流水下切動力學模型為基礎的坡度與面積關連性等所得的各種構造地形指標的量化分析,來探索在中台灣的造山運動帶上,東西兩側不同的大地構造運動所呈現的差異性及其構造地形演化上的各種特性。
數學擬合函數是以對數型和指數型兩種函數,來說明河道縱剖面形式的特徵與大地構造運動的關係。由各主支流河道縱剖面所得到常態化坡降指數(SL/k)的成果,標示在二維剖面與二維平面圖中,來探討受大地構造運動下其地形地貌的特性。坡度與面積關連性是以流水下切動力模型為基礎,由其凹曲度(θ:代表地貌特徵)和常態化陡度(ksn:代表地盤抬昇程度)兩個構造地形指標來探索構造地形的特徵。
本研究得到結果如下:
1. 中央山脈東西兩側不同的數學擬合函數(西側多為對數型,東側多為指數型)和凹曲度(θ)指標,可以說明在中台灣造山帶的地形地貌上所呈現東西兩側的不對稱性。
2. SL/k可以反應河流構造地形的岩性、遷急點、連續峽谷地形、地盤活動性等,同時也反應河流流路與斷層構造幾何關係的地盤活動性趨勢。
3. 中央山脈兩側log(ksn)的平均值幾乎是趨於相同的數值,以及在中央山脈兩側的對數型與指數型擬合的判別係數值相近,說明中台灣的造山運動帶正處於均衡狀態。
4. 由本研究ksn和SL/k的量化分析結果,本研究得到四個分區的大地構造活動性趨勢為西部麓山帶地區>雪山山脈地區>中央山脈東翼地區>中央山脈西翼地區,以及近50~60年的平均降雨量亦或是與面積有關的流量對於 的反應是沒有明顯的關聯性,因此在長時距地質時間的河流演化上,氣候和岩性不是控制河流演化的重要因子,而是大地構造運動。
摘要(英) Due to the plate movement is considerably slow, human history record is too short to identify landscape change for such a long time scale. However, tectonic geomorphology indices can display the characteristics of tectonic movement in a long time. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the difference of tectonic movement and characteristics of tectonic evolution between east and west sides of the orogeny in Central Taiwan, by applying a quantitative analysis of geomorphic indices coupled with mathematical fitting function, gradient index and slope vs area relationship from stream power model.
Both logarithmic and exponential function of mathematical fitting function were used to illustrate the characteristics of river longitudinal profile and the relationship with tectonic movement. Furthermore, normalized gradient index (SL/k) from the river longitudinal profile of main and tributary was used to plot the 2-D profile for illustrating the characteristics of landscape. Additionally, the concavity (θ: represented to the characteristic of landscape) and steepness ( : represented to the degree of rock lift) from the slope vs area relationship of the stream power model were further applied to examine the characteristics of tectonic movement.
The results of this study are listed as following:
1. Different results for the mathematical fitting function were found, in which most of logarithmic function were found on the west side, and most of exponential function were found on the east side. Concavity (θ) also showed the asymmetric landscape of the orogeny in Central Taiwan.
2. Normalized gradient index (SL/k) can response the behavior of rock, knickpoint, continuous-gorge, the active of rock movement, as well as the relationship between geometry of the flow path and the active trend of rock movement.
3. Average log(ksn) and the coefficient of determination (R2) of exponential and logarithmic function were similar for both sides of Central Range. Therefore, this study implied that the orogeny of Central Taiwan is in a steady state.
4. According to the quantitative analysis of geomorphic indices coupled with and SL/k, the degrees of tectonic movement trend are Western Foothills Belt > Hsuehshan Range Belt > Eastern Backbone Ridges Belt > Western Backbone Ridges Belt. Furthermore, the average precipitation in the past 50~60 years and the flow versus the normalized steepness (ksn) index exhibit no remarkable relationship. This study suggested that the control factor of stream evolution is tectonic movement, not the resistance of rock stratum nor climate.
關鍵字(中) ★ 常態化坡降指數(SL/k)
★ 凹曲度(θ)
★ 常態化陡度( ksn)
★ 坡降指數(SL)
★ 流水下切動力模型
★ 數學擬合函數
★ 構造地形指標
關鍵字(英) ★ normalized gradient index (SL/k)
★ gradient index (SL)
★ normalized steepness (ksn)
★ concavity (θ)
★ stream power model
★ mathematical fitting function
★ Tectonic geomorphology indices
論文目次 中文摘要 i
英文摘要 iii
誌謝 v
目錄 vi
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 xi
符號說明 xii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機與目的 1
1.2 大地構造運動地形地貌的演化模型 3
1.3 中台灣構造地質概況 6
1.3.1 台灣地質構造框架 6
1.3.2 中台灣東部大地構造演化 8
1.3.3 中台灣中部大地構造演化 8
1.3.4 中台灣的區域地質 10
1.4 資料處理方法 11
1.5 本文概要 13
第二章 河道縱剖面的數學擬合函數 22
2.1 理論基礎與應用 22
2.2 研究方法 24
2.3 結果與討論 25
2.3.1 分水嶺至出海口縱剖面數學函數擬合 25
2.3.2 一公里處至出海口縱剖面數學函數擬合 26
2.3.3 大地構造分析 27
第三章 坡降指數 46
3.1 理論基礎與應用 46
3.2 研究方法 48
3.3 結果與討論 49
第四章 坡度-面積關連性 71
4.1 理論基礎與應用 71
4.2 研究方法 73
4.3 結果與討論 74
4.3.1 凹曲度(θ)指標反應在河谷地形地貌的變動趨勢 75
4.3.2 陡度( )指標在地質岩性和構造活動性的變動趨勢 77
4.3.3 氣候與陡度( )指標的關連性 78
第五章 綜合討論 102
5.1 構造地形指標的適用性 102
5.2 中央山脈兩側的不對稱性 103
5.3 大地構造運動 104
5.4 均衡山脈 106
第六章 結論 109
參考文獻 111
圖1.2.1三種不同構造運動模型示意圖 14
圖1.2.2 集水區範圍的地形元素示意圖 14
圖1.2.3 觸發(impulsive)、偏離(varying)和持續(sustained)三種型態模型 15
圖1.3.1台灣的地質框架圖 16
圖1.3.2台灣大地構造碰撞架構圖 17
圖1.3.3中台灣西部的地質框架圖 18
圖1.3.4中台灣西部第四紀地層與構造演化圖 18
圖1.3.5中台灣東部的地質框架圖 19
圖1.3.6 中台灣地區地質圖 20
圖1.4.1 網格流向定義示意圖 21
圖1.4.2 數值地形模型窪地填高示意圖 21
圖2.2.1 四種簡單數學函數剖面形態示意圖 29
圖2.3.1 大安溪縱剖面對數型與指數型擬合函數成果圖 31
圖2.3.2 大甲溪主流縱剖面對數型與指數型擬合函數成果圖 31
圖2.3.3 南湖溪→大甲溪主流縱剖面對數型與指數型擬合函數成果圖 32
圖2.3.4 合歡溪→大甲溪主流縱剖面對數型與指數型擬合函數成果圖 32
圖2.3.5 志樂溪→大甲溪主流縱剖面對數型與指數型擬合函數成果圖 33
圖2.3.6 北港溪→烏溪主流縱剖面對數型與指數型擬合函數成果圖 33
圖2.3.7 眉溪→烏溪主流縱剖面對數型與指數型擬合函數成果圖 34
圖2.3.8 濁水溪主流縱剖面對數型與指數型擬合函數成果圖 34
圖2.3.9 萬大溪→濁水溪主流縱剖面對數型與指數型擬合函數成果圖 35
圖2.3.10 卡社溪→濁水溪主流縱剖面對數型與指數型擬合函數成果圖 35
圖2.3.11 丹大溪→濁水溪主流縱剖面對數型與指數型擬合函數成果圖 36
圖2.3.12 郡大溪→濁水溪主流縱剖面對數型與指數型擬合函數成果圖 36
圖2.3.13 陳有蘭溪→濁水溪主流縱剖面對數型與指數型擬合函數成果圖 37
圖2.3.14 清水溪→濁水溪主流縱剖面對數型與指數型擬合函數成果圖 37
圖2.3.15 和平北溪→和平溪主流縱剖面對數型與指數型擬合函數成果圖 38
圖2.3.16 和平南溪→和平溪主流縱剖面對數型與指數型擬合函數成果圖 38
圖2.3.17 闊闊庫溪→和平溪主流縱剖面對數型與指數型擬合函數成果圖 39
圖2.3.18 塔次基里溪→立霧溪主流縱剖面對數型與指數型擬合函數成果圖 39
圖2.3.19 瓦黑爾溪→立霧溪主流縱剖面對數型與指數型擬合函數成果圖 40
圖2.3.20 陶塞溪→立霧溪主流縱剖面對數型與指數型擬合函數成果圖 40
圖2.3.21 清水溪→木瓜溪主流縱剖面對數型與指數型擬合函數成果圖 41
圖2.3.22 巴托蘭溪→木瓜溪主流縱剖面對數型與指數型擬合函數成果圖 41
圖2.3.23 帕托魯溪→木瓜溪主流縱剖面對數型與指數型擬合函數成果圖 42
圖2.3.24 檜溪→木瓜溪主流縱剖面對數型與指數型擬合函數成果圖 42
圖2.3.25 壽豐溪縱剖面對數型與指數型擬合函數成果圖 43
圖2.3.26 萬里橋溪縱剖面對數型與指數型擬合函數成果圖 43
圖2.3.27 馬太鞍溪縱剖面對數型與指數型擬合函數成果圖 44
圖2.3.28 富源溪縱剖面對數型與指數型擬合函數成果圖 44
圖2.3.29 豐坪溪縱剖面對數型與指數型擬合函數成果圖 45
圖3.1.1均夷河流縱剖面因斷層活動調整順序示意圖 52
圖3.1.2 河流坡降指數與Hack剖面示意圖 53
圖3.3.1 大安溪縱剖面和SL/k值 54
圖3.3.2 大甲溪主流縱剖面和SL/k值 54
圖3.3.3 南湖溪→大甲溪主流縱剖面和SL/k值 55
圖3.3.4 合歡溪→大甲溪主流縱剖面和SL/k值 55
圖3.3.5 志樂溪→大甲溪主流縱剖面和SL/k值 56
圖3.3.6 北港溪→烏溪主流縱剖面和SL/k值 56
圖3.3.7 眉溪→烏溪主流縱剖面和SL/k值 57
圖3.3.8 濁水溪主流縱剖面和SL/k值 57
圖3.3.9 萬大溪→濁水溪主流縱剖面和SL/k值 58
圖3.3.10 卡社溪→濁水溪主流縱剖面和SL/k值 58
圖3.3.11 丹大溪→濁水溪主流縱剖面和SL/k值 59
圖3.3.12 郡大溪→濁水溪主流縱剖面和SL/k值 59
圖3.3.13 陳有蘭溪→濁水溪主流縱剖面和SL/k值 60
圖3.3.14 清水溪→濁水溪主流縱剖面和SL/k值 60
圖3.3.15 和平北溪→和平溪主流縱剖面和SL/k值 61
圖3.3.16 和平南溪→和平溪主流縱剖面和SL/k值 61
圖3.3.17 闊闊庫溪→和平溪主流縱剖面和SL/k值 62
圖3.3.18 塔次基里溪→立霧溪主流縱剖面和SL/k值 62
圖3.3.19 瓦黑爾溪→立霧溪主流縱剖面和SL/k值 63
圖3.3.20 陶塞溪→立霧溪主流縱剖面和SL/k值 63
圖3.3.21 清水溪→木瓜溪主流縱剖面和SL/k值 64
圖3.3.22 巴托蘭溪→木瓜溪主流縱剖面和SL/k值 64
圖3.3.23 帕托魯溪→木瓜溪主流縱剖面和SL/k值 65
圖3.3.24 檜溪→木瓜溪主流縱剖面和SL/k值 65
圖3.3.25 壽豐溪縱剖面和SL/k值 66
圖3.3.26 萬里橋溪縱剖面和SL/k值 66
圖3.3.27 馬太鞍溪縱剖面和SL/k值 67
圖3.3.28 富源溪縱剖面和SL/k值 67
圖3.3.29 豐坪溪縱剖面和SL/k值 68
圖3.3.30 SL/k在區域地質圖上分布 69
圖3.3.31 中央山脈西側各流域各地質分區常態化坡降指數(SL/k)圖 70
圖3.3.32 中央山脈東側各流域各地質分區常態化坡降指數(SL/k)圖 70
圖4.1.1 四種不同區塊範圍之S-A關係圖 83
圖4.3.1 大安溪主流之S-A關係圖 83
圖4.3.2 大甲溪主流之S-A關係圖 84
圖4.3.3 南湖溪→大甲溪主流之S-A關係圖 84
圖4.3.4 合歡溪→大甲溪主流之S-A關係圖 85
圖4.3.5 志樂溪→大甲溪主流之S-A關係圖 85
圖4.3.6 北港溪→烏溪主流之S-A關係圖 86
圖4.3.7 眉溪→烏溪主流之S-A關係圖 86
圖4.3.8 濁水溪主流之S-A關係圖 87
圖4.3.9 萬大溪→濁水溪主流之S-A關係圖 87
圖4.3.10 卡社溪→濁水溪主流之S-A關係圖 88
圖4.3.11 丹大溪→濁水溪主流之S-A關係圖 88
圖4.3.12 郡大溪→濁水溪主流之S-A關係圖 89
圖4.3.13 陳有蘭溪→濁水溪主流之S-A關係圖 89
圖4.3.14 清水溪→濁水溪主流之S-A關係圖 90
圖4.3.15 和平北溪→和平溪主流之S-A關係圖 90
圖4.3.16 和平南溪→和平溪主流之S-A關係圖 91
圖4.3.17 闊闊庫溪→和平溪主流之S-A關係圖 91
圖4.3.18 塔次基里溪→立霧溪主流之S-A關係圖 92
圖4.3.19 瓦黑爾溪→立霧溪主流之S-A關係圖 92
圖4.3.20 陶塞溪→立霧溪主流之S-A關係圖 93
圖4.3.21 清水溪→木瓜溪主流之S-A關係圖 93
圖4.3.22 巴托蘭溪→木瓜溪主流之S-A關係圖 94
圖4.3.23 帕托魯溪→木瓜溪主流之S-A關係圖 94
圖4.3.24 檜溪→木瓜溪主流之S-A關係圖 95
圖4.3.25 壽豐溪主流之S-A關係圖 95
圖4.3.26 萬里橋溪主流之S-A關係圖 96
圖4.3.27 富源溪主流之S-A關係圖 96
圖4.3.28 馬太鞍溪主流之S-A關係圖 97
圖4.3.29 豐坪溪主流之S-A關係圖 97
圖4.3.30 log( )標示在區域地質之成果圖 98
圖4.3.31 log( )標示在1949~2006年平均降雨量分布之成果圖 99
圖4.3.32 log( )標示在臺灣各三角點升降率等值線分布之成果圖 100
圖4.3.33 log( )標示在最大地震加速度之機率式地震災害圖 101
表2.3.1主支流河道縱剖面對數型與指數型擬合函數之判別係數成果表 30
表4.3.1中央山脈東側地形參數資料表 80
表4.3.2中央山脈西側地形參數資料表 81
表4.3.3 各分區之地形參數平均值表 82
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指導教授 蔡龍珆(Louis L. Tsai) 審核日期 2009-6-26
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