博碩士論文 88322013 詳細資訊




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姓名 吳柏林(Po-Lin Wu)  查詢紙本館藏   畢業系所 土木工程學系
論文名稱 放射性廢料處置場中砂-皂土混合緩衝材料之壓實性質
(Compaction properties of sand-bentonite buffer materials in nuclear waste disposal concept)
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摘要(中) 高放性廢料處置之緩衝材料係由皂土或碎石(矽砂)-皂土混合材料構成。由於緩衝材料塊體之品質對於工程障壁之成效影響相當大,故壓製品質穩定之緩衝材料塊體為重要之課題。由於單軸壓實法壓製緩衝材料塊體具有成本低、省時及形狀精確之優點,故目前各國主要以單軸壓實法壓製緩衝材料。但由皂土壓製為高密度塊體過程中材料與模具間會產生壁面摩擦力,單純的施加壓實應力與密度之關係並無法真正表現粉體之壓實特性。
本研究以壁面摩擦力量測試驗討論壁面摩擦力及脫模力與壓實行為之關係。本研究首先改良傳統壁面摩擦力量測方法,並提出無壁面摩擦力壓縮曲線之概念,發展出以壓實應力平均法(包含積分平均法、幾何平均法及算術平均法)及長徑比外插法求取無壁面摩擦力壓縮曲線之方法。進而根據壁面摩擦力分佈理論推求最大脫模力與壁面摩擦力之關係,有效預測最大脫模力及脫模曲線之行為。
最後本研究依據微觀力學之觀念,建立一套碎石-皂土混合物壓縮曲線預測方法。僅需針對純皂土進行壓實試驗,即可預測不同碎石添加含量之碎石-皂土混合物壓縮曲線。如此可大幅減少實驗數量,並適用於壓縮曲線之加壓及解壓回彈過程,合理估算壓實應力、壓實密度及回彈量。將碎石-皂土之試驗結果與模式預測比較,證實在實用之範圍內預測結果相當理想。由於大部分國家之緩衝材料皆以多種配比設計考量,故當不同皂土、不同碎石顆粒材料選用時,透過本研究所發展之壓縮曲線預測方法,可快速掌握該設計緩衝材料之壓實行為及相關力學參數。
摘要(英) The buffer material in nuclear waste disposal was made up with pure bentonite or sand-bentonite mixture. The uniaxial compaction is time-saving and produce blocks with high precession in geometry. It is not necessary to reshape the geometry of block after compaction. The uniaxial compaction technique is widely used in buffer material researches. The major disadvantage of uniaxial compaction is that the blocks may become stress (or density) inhomogeneous due to the wall friction between block and the die. This study presents friction eliminate methods to correct friction effect and obtain friction-free compressibility curve. A series compaction test of varies h/d ratio and die wall condition were carried out in this study, and to demonstrate the method obtained friction-free compressibility curve of bentonite block.
In accordance with micromechanics, sand-bentonite mixtue can be seen as the two phase composite material. Basis on this concept can predicted compaction curve and rebounded constrained modulus of sand-bentonite composite.
關鍵字(中) ★ 壁面摩擦力
★ 脫模力
★ 微觀力學模式
★ 高放射性廢料處置
★ 碎石-皂土混合物
★ 粉體壓實
關鍵字(英) ★ Micromechanical model
★ Ejection force
★ Wall friction force
★ Powder compaction
★ Sand-bentonite mixture
★ High-level waste disposal
論文目次 第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 2
1.3 研究內容大綱 3
第二章 放射性廢料處置概述 5
2.1 放射性廢料分類與處置概念 5
2.1.1 中低放射性廢棄物處置 6
2.1.2 高放射性廢棄物處置 8
2.2 緩衝材料之概念與功能 11
2.2.1 緩衝材料之規格 16
2.2.2 皂土之特性 17
2.3 各國高放射性廢料處置概念現況 21
2.3.1 瑞典 23
2.3.2 瑞士 24
2.3.3 法國 25
2.3.4 日本 26
2.3.5 美國 29
2.3.6 國際合作地下岩石試驗室 31
第三章 壓實技術分類與前人研究概述 39
3.1 粉體壓實之特性 39
3.2 粉體壓實技術分類 40
3.3 粉體壓實技術相關研究及應用 43
3.4 壓實技術在緩衝材料製作之應用 48
3.5 各國緩衝材料壓實技術現況 52
3.5.1 瑞典壓實緩衝材料塊製作現況 52
3.5.2 日本壓實緩衝材料塊製作現況 58
第四章 壁面摩擦力量測方法之改良 64
4.1 壁面摩擦力直接量測方法與間接量測方法 64
4.2 不同壁面摩擦力量測方法量測誤差 66
4.2.1 壁面摩擦力量測之誤差擴散 66
4.2.2 密度量測誤差 72
4.2.3 脫模力量測誤差 78
4.3 摩擦力量測單軸壓實試驗內容 80
4.3.1 試驗材料 80
4.3.2 壓實模具之設計 81
4.3.3 單軸壓實試驗加壓及量測系統 82
4.3.4 單軸壓實試驗程序 83
4.4 摩擦力量測壓實試驗結果討論 86
4.4.1 壓縮曲線(COMPRESSIBILITY CURVE) 86
4.4.2 壁面摩擦力(WALL FRICTION FORCE) 88
4.4.3 摩擦指數(FRICTION INDEX) 91
第五章 影響壓實行為之因素 96
5.1 壓縮曲線之定義及特性 96
5.2 加壓解壓與壓實行為之關係 98
5.3 壓實速率對壓實行為之影響 100
5.4 皂土含水量對壓實行為之影響 104
5.5 碎石含量、種類及顆粒粒徑對壓實行為之影響 110
5.5.1 不同碎石含量 110
5.5.2 不同顆粒內含物種類 118
5.5.3 不同碎石粒徑 122
5.6 模具壁面條件對壓實行為之影響 125
5.7 壓實塊體長徑比對壓實行為之影響 129
第六章 無壁面摩擦力粉體壓縮曲線 130
6.1 摩擦力分佈理論 130
6.2 無壁面摩擦力壓縮曲線之觀念 133
6.3 壓實應力平均方法 139
6.3.1 算術平均法 139
6.3.2 幾何平均法 139
6.3.3 積分平均法 140
6.3.4 壓實應力平均法之比較 141
6.3.5 壓實應力平均法之驗證 145
6.4 長徑比外插法 158
6.4.1 實例說明 159
6.4.2 不同選用壓縮方程式之比較 168
6.5 壓實應力平均法與長徑比外插法之比較 171
6.5.1 壓實應力平均法與長徑比外插法之優缺點 173
6.6 無壁面摩擦力壓縮曲線之應用 173
第七章 脫模力與壁面摩擦力之關係 175
7.1 塊體脫模力之量測方法 175
7.2 塊體脫模力曲線概述 177
7.3 預測最大脫模力之理論推導 179
7.3.1 塊體解壓後之應力狀態 179
7.3.2 塊體之最大脫模力 181
7.3.3 預測脫模曲線方法 186
7.3.4 預測摩擦係數方法 187
7.4 脫模行為之預測驗證 188
7.4.1 最大脫模力與壁面摩擦力之關係 188
7.4.2 以最大脫模力預測壁面摩擦力 194
7.4.3 以最終壁面摩擦力預測最大脫模力 196
7.4.4 脫模曲線之預測 198
第八章 兩相顆粒加強材料之壓縮曲線特性 206
8.1 異質性大地材料之微觀力學模式 206
8.1.1 均質性與異質性 206
8.1.2 微觀力學之概念 207
8.1.3 體積平均(VOLUMETRIC AVERAGING) 208
8.2 兩相與多相顆粒混和材料微觀力學模式 209
8.2.1 混合定則(RULE OF MIXTURE)與上下限 211
8.2.2 HASHIN-SHTRIKMAN上下限 212
8.2.3 稀薄內含物理論(THE DILUTE SUSPENSION THEORY) 213
8.2.4 複合球模式(THE COMPOSITE SPHERES MODEL) 213
8.2.5 SCS模式(SELF-CONSISTENT SCHEME) 214
8.2.6 GSCS模式(GENERALIZED SELF-CONSISTENT SCHEME) 216
8.2.7 微分模式(DIFFERENTIAL SCHEME) 217
8.3 以線性模式預測非線性壓縮曲線之方法 225
8.4 添加碎石之壓縮曲線結果概述 229
8.5 不同顆粒內含物含量壓縮曲線之預測 237
8.5.1 加壓曲線預測說明 240
8.5.2 解壓回彈曲線預測說明 244
8.6 壓縮曲線預測成果與實用說明 248
8.6.1 壓縮曲線預測成果 248
8.6.2 壓縮曲線預測實用說明 263
第九章 結論 265
9.1 結論 265
9.2 建議 269
參考文獻 270
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指導教授 田永銘(Yong-Ming Tien) 審核日期 2005-7-22
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