應用遺傳演算法於群樁基礎低價化設計

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吳明賢(Ming-Hsien Wu ) 查詢紙本館藏

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土木工程研究所

論文名稱

應用遺傳演算法於群樁基礎低價化設計
(Minimun Cost Design of Pile Groups Using the Genetic Algorithms)

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摘要(中)

傳統上群樁基礎均採用試誤法的程序來設計，雖能符合規範，但其造價的經濟性卻是無法保證。本研究的目的便是最佳化的演算法則來進行群樁基礎的低價化設計，所設計之群樁基礎不僅可滿足規範的要求，亦可符合經濟性的考量。
在設計荷重、地質條件與施工方法已知的條件下，預鑄群樁基礎的設計變數主要包括樁徑、樁數、樁長、基樁間距和樁帽的尺寸，其中預鑄基樁的尺寸和樁帽內的鋼筋，乃由國內廠商已生產之尺寸所建立的資料庫來選取。最佳設計的目標函數則是總造價，包含土方開挖費用、樁帽費用和基樁費用等；而束制條件則包含強度需求、樁頂位移、樁距及樁帽的尺寸等。
由於設計變數為實數與整數之不連續變數，故本研究嘗試利用遺傳演算法來搜尋最佳解。演算法則的效率將透過數個設計例來說明，而影響群樁基礎造價的主要設計參數，亦將透過數值演算結果來探討，以供工程設計之參考。

摘要(英)

Conventional design of pile groups is based on the trial-and-error procedures. Although the design results can satisfy strength and displacement requirements that stipulated in code provisions, it is not a minimum cost design. The purpose of this study is to apply the genetic algorithm (GA) for searching the minimum cost design of precast concrete pile groups.
The objective function of the problem includes the costs of soil excavation, cap and piles. The design variables are the pile diameter, pile length, spacing of piles, and dimensions of cap, which are all considered as discrete design variables. The size of precast concrete piles and rebars in the pile cap are all selected from the available sections in the engineering market.
The strengths and displacement constraints for the minimum cost design of precast concrete pile groups are formulated according to the foundation design code provisions. Size constrains, such as the length of piles, the diameter of piles, and spacing of piles are also considered in the formulation.
The application of GA in the minimum cost design of pile groups is shown by a number of design examples. The efficiency of GA and sensitivity analyses of design variables on the cost of pile groups are also discussed.

關鍵字(中)

★ 不連續變數
★ 低價化設計
★ 群樁基礎
★ 遺傳演算法

關鍵字(英)

★ Genetic Algorithm
★ Minimum Cost De
★ Piles Groups

論文目次

中文摘要………………………………………………………………………………i
英文摘要…………………………………………………………………………….ii
目錄…………………………………………………………………………………iii
表目錄…………………………………………………………………………………v
圖目錄……………………………………………………………………………….vi
第一章緒論…………………………………………………………………………1
1-1 研究動機…………………………………………………...……………..1
1-2 文獻回顧………………………………………………………….…………2
1-3 論文內容………………………………………………………...…………5
第二章理論推導……………………………………………………………………7
2-1 遺傳演算法論……………………………………………………………….7
2-1-1 遺傳演算法…………………………………………………………….8
2-1-2 遺傳演算法的理論基礎………………………………………………11
2-1-3 運算子運用的注意事項………………………………………………13
2-2 解決束制條件的方法………………………………………………………16
第三章目標函數和束制條件的建立…………………………………………….18
3-1 前言…………………………………………………………………………18
3-2 目標函數的建立……………………………………………………………18
3-2-1 土方開挖費用…………………………………………………………19
3-2-2 樁帽的費用……………………………………………………………20
3-2-3 基樁打設費用…………………………………………………………21
3-3 束制條件的建立……………………………………………………………21
3-3-1 基樁的間距……………………………………………………………22
3-3-2 樁頂位移量……………………………………………………………23
3-3-3 基樁承載力……………………………………………………………25
3-3-4 拉拔力檢核……………………………………………………………26
3-3-5 穿孔剪力檢核…………………………………………………………27
3-3-6 選用基樁強度…………………………………………………………28
3-3-7 土地的限制…………………………………………………………..29
第四章參數討論………………………………………………………………….30
4-1 前言…………………………………………………….………………….30
4-2 遺傳演算法及計算效率之參數討論………………………………………31
4-2-1 精英選擇法的影響…………………………………………………..31
4-2-2 交配機率及突變機率的影響…………………………………………32
4-2-3 族群數目的影響………………………………………………………32
4-2-4 懲罰函數的影響………………………………………………………33
4-3 群樁基礎之參數研究………………………………………………………34
4-3-1 外力作用在打擊式群樁的效應………………………………………35
4-3-2 鑽掘式群樁與打擊式群樁的比較……………………………………37
4-3-3 土壤參數的影響………………………………………………………38
4-3-4 兩向使用不同間距和使用相同間距之比較…………………………39
4-3-5 基樁邊界長度之比較…………………………………………………40
4-3-6固定樁數的討論……………………………………………………..40
4-3-7經濟性的驗證…………………………………………………………41
第五章結論與建議…………………………………………………………….….42
5-1 結論………………………………………………………………………...42
5-2 建議………………………………………………………………………...43
參考文獻……………………………………………………………………………..45
附錄一樁帽鋼筋計算流程………………………………………………………..83

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指導教授

莊德興(Der-Shin Juang)

審核日期

2001-7-16

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