人眼眼球模型建構與人因照明之研究

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姓名

江重致(Chong-Jhih Jiang) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

光電科學與工程學系

論文名稱

人眼眼球模型建構與人因照明之研究
(Study of a human eye model and the human-factor lighting)

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摘要(中)

現今白光LED因其節能優勢已逐漸成為照明世界的主流，但由於其單位面積下的高效輸出與嶄新的光譜，除了為人類帶來前所未有的視覺感受，同時也引起相關人因方面的疑慮。為因應這股新潮流，此論文將以人眼視覺為出發點，再以此為基礎接續照明環境的探討。人眼眼球模型的建構即是此論文首先達到的成果，其幾何與介質參數均採用生物醫學統計資料，並且完成了視覺靈敏度、色差以及散射行為等驗證。為探討虹膜在人眼中所扮演的角色，其反射頻譜接續為研究重點之一。對此，虹膜研究引入了成像系統與共焦系統來作為量測的平台，除了比較兩者之優劣外，也校正出真實虹膜反射頻譜，而其頻譜成果更引入眼球模型做雜散光的分析。
充分掌握視覺科學以及眼球計算平台後，本論文著手進入人眼與周圍光環境之間的交互作用。在戶外照明之人因評估上，除了介紹失能眩光、其公式演進以及相關道路法規建議以外，後續研究的主要內容包含眩光表現的視覺模擬、不同色溫之白光LED對視覺靈敏度帶來的影響以及白光LED路燈眩光的探討。在室內照明之人因評估上，除了對不適眩光做更深入之介紹外，亦會建構其計算平台並與失能眩光之間的關係做比較與討論。而現今逐漸流行的LED燈管，亦在此與室內照明最常用的傳統日光燈管做不適眩光效應之比較，且根據相同視覺舒適度推算得到LED燈管的建議尺寸。此論文最後探討室內照明之光譜與人體之間的交互作用，尤其是現今最常用於室內照明的螢光燈管與白光LED之光譜。期待藉由上述研究之成果，此論文能夠在健康照明的領域上提出相關建議與貢獻。

摘要(英)

White LED has become one of the most popular luminaires nowadays. However, the high density of lumen output and new spectrum from LEDs not only bring human beings new visual sensations but also safety concerns. In accordance with the new trend, this research starts from the study of human vision and then the interaction with the lighting environment. The human eye model is first constructed in this thesis, where the geometric parameters and refractive indices are adopted from the biometric data. The visual acuity, chromatic dispersion, and ocular scattering behaviors of the eye model are also verified. The iris is then the next topic to analyze its contribution in ocular scattering. The spectral reflectance of iris is measured by an imaging system and a confocal system. The comparisons between the two systems as well as the calibrated spectral reflectance are obtained. Then the iris reflectance is incorporated into the eye model for straylight analysis.
After knowing well about the visual behaviors, the thesis handles the interaction between the human eye and lighting environment. In the field of outdoor lighting, the thesis first introduces the disability glare formula and the recommendation of road lighting, and then shows some studies such as visual image simulation with glare sources, the influence on visual acuity by varied CCT lighting, and the glare effect from LED-based street lamps. In the field of interior lighting, the thesis introduces the discomfort glare and develops a calculation platform. The studies here include building a transfer function between disability glare and discomfort glare, assessing the discomfort glare of fluorescent lamps and white LED tubes, and revealing their affecting levels to human circadian rhythms. Finally, according to the research outcomes, the thesis is anticipated to contribute the field of human factors lighting.

關鍵字(中)

★ 眼球模型
★ 人因照明
★ 虹膜
★ 眼內散射
★ 失能眩光
★ 不舒適眩光

關鍵字(英)

★ Eye model
★ Human-factor lighting
★ Iris
★ Ocular Scatter
★ Disability glare
★ Discomfort glare

論文目次

摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
致謝 iii
目錄 iv
圖索引 viii
表索引 xiii
第一章緒論 1
1-1研究動機 1
1-2人類的視覺系統 1
1-3常見照明之眩光評估 5
1-3-1戶外照明之評估 5
1-3-2室內照明之評估 7
1-4光譜與人因關係 7
1-5論文架構 8
第二章基本原理與定義 10
2-1光度計量單位 10
2-2非球面定義式 13
2-3屈光度與眼球的調節 14
2-4光傳遞函數 15
2-5散射與光幕輝度 16
第三章人類眼球模型的建構 18
3-1引言 18
3-2 眼球模型之演進 18
3-3介質幾何與折射率之建構 20
3-3-1基本結構與參數 20
3-3-2漸變式水晶體模型 22
3-3-3眼球色差的建構 28
3-4眼球散射模型 30
3-4-1角膜散射模型 31
3-4-2水晶體散射模型 31
3-4-3基底漫射 32
3-5結果與討論 33
3-5-1視覺靈敏度 33
3-5-2色差行為表現 34
3-5-3失能眩光之曲線 34
3-5-4白內障之失能眩光曲線 37
第四章虹膜與視覺表現之研究 38
4-1引言 38
4-2虹膜反射頻譜之量測 38
4-2-1成像系統 39
4-2-2共焦系統 41
4-2-3成像與共焦系統之比較與分析 43
4-3虹膜反射雜散光之分析 48
4-4結果與討論 49
4-4-1 虹膜反射頻譜 49
4-4-2 虹膜顏色對視覺影響 50
第五章戶外照明之人因評估 52
5-1引言 52
5-2失能眩光介紹 52
5-2-1失能眩光之公式演進 53
5-2-2相關道路照明規範 54
5-3 失能眩光之計算平台建構 55
5-4 失能眩光與眼球模型之影像模擬 56
5-5 三種路燈光幕輝度評估之應用 59
5-5-1 路燈封裝形式 59
5-5-2 觀察環境之配置 60
5-5-3 等效輝度之計算 61
5-5-4 計算結果 62
5-6 燈源色溫對瞳孔尺寸影響之實驗 65
5-6-1 研究背景 65
5-6-2 瞳孔量測之環境與架構 66
5-6-3 量測結果與分析 69
5-7 結果與討論 70
5-7-1 視覺影像之模擬 70
5-7-2 三種封裝型式路燈之眩光 70
5-7-3 燈源色溫對視力影響 71
第六章室內照明之人因評估 73
6-1引言 73
6-2不舒適眩光之介紹 73
6-2-1 不舒適眩光之評估 73
6-2-2 統一眩光指數(UGR) 74
6-3 不舒適眩光與失能眩光之轉換函數建構 78
6-3-1 空間配置 78
6-3-2 UGR計算平台之建構 79
6-3-3 關係式之擬合 80
6-4 傳統日光燈管與LED日光燈管之管徑研究 82
6-4-1 燈管之光特性量測 82
6-4-2 UGR之評估 84
6-5 燈源光譜與生理關係 86
6-5-1 反應光譜(Action Spectrum) 86
6-5-2 藍害光譜(Blue Hazard) 88
6-6 結果與討論 89
6-6-1 光幕輝度與UGR之關係式 89
6-6-2 LED日光燈管之管徑建議 92
6-6-3 LED與傳統日光燈之生理影響比較 92
第七章結論 94
參考文獻 97
中英文名詞對照表 106

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指導教授

孫慶成、陳怡君(Ching-Cherng Sun Yi-Chun Chen)

審核日期

2014-7-28

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