拼貼式伽瑪相機之訊號讀出方法表現分析 與針孔穿透模型建立

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姓名

鄭彥仁(Yen-ren Zheng) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

光電科學與工程學系

論文名稱

拼貼式伽瑪相機之訊號讀出方法表現分析與針孔穿透模型建立
(Performance Analysis of Signal Readout Methods for Tiled Gamma Cameras and Building of Pinhole Penetration Models)

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摘要(中)

本研究針對微型單光子放射電腦斷層掃描系統，完成正向投影之快速針孔穿隧計算以及拼貼式伽瑪相機之訊號讀出方法表現分析。
針對刀口式的圓形針孔和脊椎式的圓形針孔，以直接光線追跡的方式建立針孔穿隧模型，所得結果與文獻相較可避免使用泰勒展式近似解的誤差，且具備針孔位移和旋轉之功能。另一方面，藉由SCOUT模擬工具，獲得拼貼式伽瑪相機16×16個陽極訊號輸出的偵測器平均響應函數(MDRF)，並加總換算成16+16個欄列訊號的MDRF，使用包含多變數常態分佈和帕松分佈的訊號機率模型，依最大可能性原理建立費雪訊息矩陣和偵測器解析度的克拉馬-羅下限，評斷偵測器訊號讀出方法的優劣。
模擬結果顯示，多變數常態分佈模型的解析度優於帕松模型，推測原因為多變數常態分佈模型描述了陽極之間的訊號相關性，因此更貼近實際的訊號輸出情況。另一方面，使用所有陽極的輸出訊號，會比欄列加總的訊號輸出方式保留更多的資訊，因此也獲得較佳的空間解析度。綜合此結果，使用所有陽極的輸出訊號建立的多變數常態分佈模型將擁有最好的空間解析度。

摘要(英)

In this study, a speedy forward projection model is built up for micro-SPECT systems to perform the pinhole penetration calculations. The performance of the signal readout methods for tiled gamma cameras are also analyzed through simulations.
The pinhole penetrations of knife-edge and kneel-edge pinholes are calculated by ray tracing. The model is straightforward, avoids the approximate error of Taylor series expansion, and has the functions of pinhole displacement and rotation. In addition, the mean detector response functions (MDRFs) of tiled gamma cameras are generated by the SCOUT simulation tool, including the outputs of 1616 individual anodes and 1616 row/column signals. Both the multivariate normal model and Poisson model are employed as the signal probability models. The resolution performance of the detectors with different signal readout methods are judged by the Fisher information matrix and Cramer-Rao lower bound based on the maximum likelihood principle.
According to the simulations results, the resolution with the multivariate normal model is better than that with the Poisson model. The reason is that the multivariate normal model accounts for the signal correlations among the anodes and hence better represents the signal outputs. Moreover, using the signal outputs of all anodes keeps more information than using just the row/column signal outputs, and hence yields better spatial resolution. In conclusion, utilizing the multivariate normal model built with the signal outputs of all anodes would attain the best spatial resolution.

關鍵字(中)

★ 單光子放射電腦斷層掃描
★ 拼貼式伽瑪相機
★ 針孔
★ 穿隧

關鍵字(英)

論文目次

中文摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 X
第一章緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究目的 2
1.3 論文架構 3
第二章微型單光子放射電腦斷層掃描攝影 4
2.2數位成像系統(Digital-Imaging System) 6
2.2.1輻射能量傳輸之分佈函數(Distribution Function for Radiation Energy Transport) 7
2.2.2偵測器響應函數(Detector Response Function) 11
2.3伽瑪射線偵測器 13
2.3.1準直儀 13
2.3.2閃爍晶石偵測器 15
2.3.3光電倍增管物理 17
2.3.4 訊號讀出方法 20
2.4 空間解析度 20
2.4.1偵測器平均響應(Mean Detector Response Function,MDRF) 20
2.4.2費雪訊息矩陣(Fisher Information Matrix)和克拉馬－羅下限(Cramer-Rao Lower Bound) 21
2.4.3多變數常態分佈模型(Multivariate Normal Model)和帕松模型(Poisson Model) 22
第三章針孔穿隧模型建立 25
3.1 正向投影模型(Forward Projection Model) 25
3.1.1 實驗架構 25
3.1.2 衰減形式(Attenuation Term) 26
3.2 針孔設計 30
3.2.1 針孔參數訂定 30
3.2.2 針孔傾斜和位移 31
3.3 模型建立與結果分析 34
3.3.1模擬正向投影模型方法 34
3.3.2結果驗證 43
第四章拼貼伽瑪相機之模擬與結果分析 53
4.1伽瑪相機拼貼參數設置 53
4.2 系統模擬-SCOUT 57
4.2.1 SCOUT 57
4.2.2 電腦設備及作業系統環境 63
4.2.3 模擬偵測器平均響應(Mean Detector Response Function)實驗 63
4.3相機空間解析度估算 69
4.3.1空間解析度估算方法 69
4.3.2空間解析度估算結果驗證 72
五、結論與未來展望 83
參考文獻 85

參考文獻

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指導教授

陳怡君

審核日期

2014-8-25

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