放電披覆加工鉬金屬與鋁合金之研究

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陳新仁(Hsin-Jen Chen) 查詢紙本館藏

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機械工程學系

論文名稱

放電披覆加工鉬金屬與鋁合金之研究
(Study on the EDC Process of Mo Metal and Al Alloy)

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摘要(中)

放電披覆加工(EDC)是運用放電加工(EDM)的原理及調整放電參數在放電加工表面上進行材料披覆的一種加工技術。一般EDC是在煤油中進行，煤油經過高溫裂解所產生的碳元素會與來自於電極材料的游離物質反應生成碳化物，所以EDC處理後的工件表面成份大都是碳化物，至於用EDC方法披覆非碳化物的研究相對較少。本論文嘗試改變放電加工介質及自製不同電極材料進行EDC研究，主要是探討較特殊的碳化物及氮化物材料之適合參數條件及其產生的機制。
本研究選擇矽油為放電加工液，搭配石墨電極在高熔點難加工的鉬金屬表面披覆碳化矽材料是基於鉬金屬在微波管元件應用上的需求。由實驗結果顯示選擇適當的放電加工參數不僅可以進行鉬金屬之加工成型，也可以對鉬金屬表面進行碳化矽吸波材料之披覆處理，因此可以簡化複雜的披覆程序與減少昂貴設備的投資，而具有應用在國防工業的潛力。
本研究製作鈦金屬及氮化鈦陶瓷兩類電極材料，分別在煤油(濕式EDC)與氮氣（乾式EDC）中對商用鋁合金表面進行披覆加工處理是著眼於改善鋁合金材料應用在燃料電池的雙極板時不耐酸蝕的缺點。依據實驗的結果顯示：在濕式EDC時，高燒結密度（80%）的Ti金屬電極可以對鋁合金同時進行EDM及EDC處理，加工表面含有緻密的TiC層。在煤油中添加氮化鈦粉末可以改善加工效率與表面品質，但採用高密度 (80%) 的TiN陶瓷電極，在鋁合金表面僅會形成多孔隙的TiC陶瓷層。在乾式EDC方面，使用低密度 (60%) 的Ti燒結電極，在適當的參數條件下可以進行純TiN披覆處理，但高密度者需要更高的放電能量。 TiN陶瓷電極可以直接在鋁合金表面披覆純TiN層，然而低密度(60%)的TiN電極較不耐高放電能量，電極的耗損率會較高。反觀採用高密度的情形，TiN披覆層的微觀形貌會受到峰值電流的影響，低峰值電流的TiN披覆層呈現緻密微細顆粒形貌，高峰值電流時則呈現多孔的網狀熔塊結構，表面粗糙度也比較高。
由於碳化鈦及氮化鈦均是屬於耐化學蝕腐之陶瓷材料，而放電加工技術也可被應用在燃料電池之金屬雙極板流道之成型製作，因此本研究結果具有作為一種複合加工技術應用在此領域之中的潛力。

摘要(英)

Electrical discharge coating (EDC) is the application of electrical discharge machining (EDM) principle and modulating the discharge parameters to confer the coatings on machined workpiece. Normally, it is performed in kerosene, as a result, carbide layer may generate by reaction of pyrolysis carbon and metal ions. However, non-carbide formed by EDC process is rarely studied. This paper attempts to adopt different dielectric fluids and home-made electrodes to conduct EDC process to shed light on its optimal discharge parameters and different coating materials including special carbide and nitride.
In this study, silicone oil selected to accompany with graphite electrode to conduct EDC process on refractory molybdenum (Mo) metal was in view of a requirement of SiC coating in microwave tube application. The experimental results show that by selecting the appropriate discharge parameters, it can not only proceed to machine process but also to coat SiC absorbing material on the surface of Mo. Evidently, EDC process can simplify the coating process and save the investment of expensive equipment, which demonstrates its potential application in the defense industry.
In order to improve the poor corrosion resistance of Al alloy used in bipolar plate of PEMFC, titanium (Ti) metal and titanium nitride (TiN) ceramic were chosen as electrodes to carry out EDC in kerosene (wet) and nitrogen gas (dry), respectively. On one hand of wet EDC, high sintered density (80%) Ti electrode with appropriate discharge parameters can perform both EDM and EDC processes to produce dense TiC layer on Al alloy. Furthermore, it can improve the machining efficiency and quality of machined surface by adding the titanium nitride (TiN) powder in kerosene. But, using high density (80%) TiN ceramic electrodes with appropriate discharge parameters will result in a porous TiC layer on the surface of Al alloy. On the other hand of dry EDC, with appropriate discharging parameters, low density (60%) sintered Ti electrode can form pure TiN film on the surface of Al alloy. However, higher density Ti electrode needs using high discharge energy. In contrast, TiN electrode can directly deposit pure TiN layer on Al alloy. But, low density (60%) TiN electrode will result in high wear rate. By using high density TiN electrode can survive under high discharge energy. Whereas, the morphology of TiN layer is dependent of discharge current. With low discharge current currents, TiN layer exhibits a dense surface with fine grain, while high discharge current will result into porous network appearance and showing relatively high surface roughness.
In view of TiC and TiN are good chemical corrosion resistance materials and EDM technology can be used to fabricate the fuel channel of metal bipolar plate in PEMFC, the results of this study may serve as a hybrid machining process in this field.

關鍵字(中)

★ 放電披覆加工
★ 自燃高溫反應合成
★ 穩定型
★ 非穩定型
★ 材料移除率
★ 電極耗損率
★ 鉬金屬
★ 鋁合金
★ 碳化矽
★ 碳化鈦
★ 氮化鈦

關鍵字(英)

★ EDC
★ SHS
★ Stable
★ Unstable
★ MRR
★ TWR
★ Mo
★ Al alloy
★ SiC
★ TiC
★ TiN

論文目次

中文摘要 I
英文摘要 III
謝誌 V
目錄 VI
圖目錄 X
表目錄 XIV
第一章緒論 1
1-1 研究背景 1
1-2 研究動機 3
1-3 文獻回顧 3
1-3-1放電加工技術發展 3
1-3-2放電披覆加工之演進 11
1-3-3鉬金屬與微波管 16
1-3-4鋁合金與燃料電極 20
1-4 研究目的 25
1-5 論文構成與架構 26
第二章濕式EDC鉬金屬的特性與分析 29
2-1前言 29
2-2實驗方法 33
2-2-1實驗設備 33
2-2-2實驗材料 33
2-2-3實驗流程 35
2-3 結果與討論 37
2-3-1鉬金屬之放電加工特性 37
2-3-1-1電極極性之影響 37
2-3-1-2放電參數對MRR與TWR之影響 38
2-3-1-3放電參數對加工表面粗糙度之影響 39
2-3-1-4放電加工表面觀察與分析 40
2-3-2鉬金屬之放電披覆加工處理 41
2-3-2-1峰值電流與脈衝維持時間之影響 41
2-3-2-2脈衝休止時間之影響 43
2-3-2-3放電披覆加工表面粗糙度量測 44
2-3-2-4放電披覆加工表面觀察與分析 44
2-4結論 49
第三章濕式EDC鋁合金的特性與分析 50
3-1 前言 50
3-2實驗方法 50
3-2-1實驗設備 50
3-2-2實驗材料 51
3-2-3實驗流程 54
3-3 結果與討論 56
3-3-1鈦金屬燒結電極 57
3-3-1-1電極密度（孔隙度）與放電參數之影響 57
3-3-1-2油中添加氮化鈦粉末之影響 61
3-3-1-3濕式EDC之放電行為與成份影響 63
3-3-1-4披覆層之機械性質量測 64
3-3-2氮化鈦陶瓷電極 66
3-3-2-1放電參數之影響 66
3-3-2-2表面披覆層之成份分析 67
3-3-2-3放電波型與鋁合金表面粗糙度 69
3-3-2-4表面披覆層之顯微組織觀察 70
3-3-2-5 TiC披覆層的合成途徑 72
3-4結論 73
第四章乾式EDC鋁合金之特性與分析 75
4-1 前言 75
4-2基本原理 75
4-2-1乾式EDM 75
4-2-2乾式EDC 76
4-3 實驗方法 78
4-3-1實驗設備與材料 78
4-3-2實驗流程 81
4-4 結果與討論 82
4-4-1 鈦金屬壓結電極 82
4-4-1-1放電參數的影響 82
4-4-1-2氮氣壓力與電極轉速的影響 85
4-4-1-3電極SHS反應的影響 86
4-4-1-4表面披覆層之成份分析 90
4-4-1-5 TiN披覆層的披覆模式 91
4-4-2 鈦金屬燒結電極 94
4-4-2-1電極極性的影響 95
4-4-2-2放電參數的影響 95
4-4-2-3表面披覆層之成份分析與斷面觀察 99
4-4-2-4表面披覆層之性質測試 102
4-4-3氮化鈦陶瓷電極 104
4-4-3-1電極密度與峰值電流之影響 104
4-4-3-2放電波型與鋁合金表面粗糙度 108
4-4-3-3表面披覆層之成份分析 109
4-4-3-4表面披覆層之顯微組織觀察 110
4-5結論 113
第五章總結論 115
參考文獻 117
作者簡歷 137

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指導教授

顏炳華(Biing-Hwa Yan)

審核日期

2014-7-14

推文