高性能質子交換膜燃料電池膜電極組之研究

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姓名

楊添福(Tien-Fu Yang) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

機械工程學系

論文名稱

高性能質子交換膜燃料電池膜電極組之研究
(The research of high performance proton exchange membrane fuel cell electrode assemblies)

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摘要(中)

傳統質子交換膜燃料電池膜電極組結構，由一個質子交換膜為中心，以三明治形式依序往外，兩面各夾一層Pt/C-40觸媒層（白金金屬含量40 wt％），其觸媒層外再各夾一層氣體擴散層，組合成五層的膜電極組（結構a）。本研究藉由修改傳統膜電極組結構包含：（1）將Pt/C-80觸媒漿料（白金金屬含量80 wt％）塗佈於Pt/C-40觸媒層與質子交換膜之間，形成七層的膜電極組（結構b）；（2）將Pt/C-80觸媒漿料塗佈於Pt/C-40觸媒層與氣體擴散層之間，形成七層的膜電極組（結構c）；（3）將Pt/C-80與Pt/C-40觸媒漿料混合，塗佈於質子交換膜與氣體擴散層之間，形成五層的膜電極組（結構d）。在固定的白金金屬載量中，經研究發現調整型膜電極組結構b、結構c和結構d，均比傳統型膜電極組結構a有更好的電池性能。其性能提升之主要原因，推論為觸媒層厚度降低，減少陽極端H+離子傳遞至陰極端的距離（增加導離子度），使得與陰極端的反應縮短，並降低質子傳遞阻抗。
本文亦藉由二維數值模擬分析之觀點，探討影響性能之原因。根據模擬結果顯示，調整型膜電極組電池性能比傳統型較佳的結果與實驗相符。主要原因則包含：質子傳導度、開路電壓，及觸媒層厚度等。同時亦觀察到不同膜電極組之水分佈情形；當Pt/C-80觸媒層介於氣體擴散層與Pt/C-40觸媒層之間（即結構c膜電極組），可發現膜電極組內有較多的液態水堆積。

摘要(英)

The conventional 5-layer membrane electrode assembly (MEA) consists of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) locating at its center, two layers of Pt/C-40 (Pt content 40 wt%) locating next on both surfaces of PEM, and two gas diffusion layers (GDL) locating next on the outer surfaces of Pt/C layers (structure-a MEA). In this paper, we report three modified MEAs consisting of Pt/C-40 (Pt content 40 wt%) and Pt/C-80 (Pt content 80 wt%) catalysts. These are: (1) 7-layer structure-b MEA with a thin Pt/C-80 layer locating between Pt/C-40 layer and PEM; (2) 7-layer structure-c MEA with a thin Pt/C-80 layer locating between Pt/C-40 layer and GDL; and (3) 5-layer structure-d MEA with Pt/C-40 and Pt/C-80 mixing homogeneously and locating between PEM and GDL. Under a fixed Pt loading, we find structure-b, -c, and -d MEAs with 20 ~ 40 wt% Pt contributed from Pt/C-80 have better fuel cell performance than structure-a MEA consisting only of Pt/C-40. The reasons are attributed to the better feasibility for H2/O2 gas to reach Pt particles and lower proton transport resistance in catalyst layers of the modified MEAs than structure-a MEA.
On the other hand, a two-dimensional, multi-phase, non-isothermal numerical model was used to investigate the effect of the high performance catalyst layer design. Simulation results show that substituting part of the Pt/C 40 wt% with Pt/C 80 wt% increases the cell performance. It was found that factors including proton conductivity, open circuit voltage and sub-layer thickness have a significant impact on overall cell performance. Different water distribution for different MEA designs was also observed in the simulation results. More liquid water accumulation inside the MEA is seen when the Pt/C 80 wt% sub-layer is next to the gas diffusion layer (structure-c MEA).

關鍵字(中)

★ 燃料電池
★ 膜電極組
★ 觸媒層

關鍵字(英)

★ fuel cell
★ membrane electrode assembly
★ catalyst layer

論文目次

中文摘要 ...i
ABSTRACT...ii
目錄 ...iii
表目錄 ...v
圖目錄 ...vi
符號說明 ...viii

一、緒論...1
1-1 前言...1
1-2 質子交換膜燃料電池簡介...4
1-3 文獻回顧...11
1-4 研究目的...15
二、研究方法...17
2-1 質子交換膜燃料電池單電池結構...17
2-1-1 質子交換膜...17
2-1-2 氣體擴散電極...17
2-1-3 防漏墊片...18
2-1-4 石墨流道板...18
2-1-5 集電板...19
2-2 電極製備...19
2-3 膜電極組製備...20
2-4 燃料電池性能量測...22
2-5 AC Impedances、300小時長效測試及SEM、EDS分析...25
2-5-1 AC Impedances量測...25
2-5-2 單電池300小時長效測試...25
2-5-3 SEM與EDS分析...26
2-6 數值方法...26
2-6-1 統御方程式...27
2-6-2 水傳輸現象...30
2-6-3 多層結構觸媒層之團塊模型...32
2-6-4 邊界條件...33
三、結果與討論...36
3-1 單電池測試－進氣流量200 mL / min...36
3-1-1 結構a與b之燃料電池性能比較...37
3-1-2 結構a與c之燃料電池性能比較...39
3-1-3 結構a與d之燃料電池性能比較...41
3-1-4 四種結構之燃料電池性能比較...42
3-2 單電池測試－進氣流量700 mL / min...43
3-3 各種結構之膜電極組SEM與EDS分析...45
3-4 低白金載量燃料電池單電池測試...46
3-5 單電池300小時長效測試...48
3-6 數值分析與實驗比較...49
3-7 不同白金金屬含量觸媒層結構性能比較...50
3-8 觸媒層中水傳輸現象...52
3-9 觸媒層設計主要參數...54
四、結論...56
4-1 調整型觸媒層結構膜電極組...56
4-2 數值分析...58
五、未來展望...59
六、參考文獻...60

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指導教授

洪勵吾(Lih-Wu Hourng)

審核日期

2014-7-14

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