| 摘要(英) |
Edvard Munch (1863-1944) is the famous artist in Norway. He painted in oil, pastel, drawing and other media, and used photography and print, to express his creative concept, and he always conveys emotions in his works. The Frieze of Life sums up his lifetime thinking and creation, and also is his most important work. More than half of the series is devoted to female images and women are portrayed in many different roles, symbolizing their sexuality, emotions and so on. In this study, Munch’s paintings The Voice, Puberty, and The Three Stages of Woman are the main focus. Through the depiction of adolescent girls as well as multiple roles of women in The Three Stages of Woman, one can understand Munch’s complex attitude toward Munch women.
Chapter One mainly discusses Munch’s diary and biography, in order to understand his life experience, and to learn his views of the creation of The Frieze of Life. In Chapter Two I discuss The Voice and Puberty, pointing out the sexual awakening in adolescent girls in Munch’s imagery and the girls’ desire and fear to enter the next stage of life through the symbols. Chapter Three focuses on The Three Stages of Woman, also named Sphinx in 1894 Stockholm exhibition. This work belongs to the cycle Love. Compared with the traditional mythological works of the Sphinx, and the Three Fates, we can understand the meanings of The Three Stages of Woman. Finally, The Three Stages of Woman is compared with other pictures of the same subject of the late nineteenth century.
This study will explicate Munch’s relationships with and women, and his creative ideas of the female images in The Frieze of Life. The late nineteenth century saw different types of female images produced by many artists. It is important to compare the female images of The Frieze of Life with other contemporary works.
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| 參考文獻 |
西文書目
Berman, Patricia G. Edvard Munch: The Modern Life of the Soul. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 2006.
Berman, Patricia G. Munch and Women Image and Myth. Alexandria, VA: Art Services International, 1997.
Bischoff, Ulrich. Edvard Munch. Los Angeles: Taschen, 2011.
Boe , Alf. Edvard Munch. New York : Rizzoli, 1989.
Cordulack, Shelley Wood. Edvard Munch and the Physiology of Symbolism. Madison [N.J.] : Fairleigh Dickinson University Press ; London : Associated University Presses, 2002.
Coven, Jeffrey. Baudelaire′s Voyages: The Poet and His Painters. Bulfinch Press / Little Brown & Company, 1993.
Cross, Elizabeth, Ted Gott. Edvard Munch: The Frieze of Life. National Gallery of Victoria, 2005.
Eggum, Arne, Reinhold Heller, Carla Lathe, Gerd Woll and Mara-Helen Wood. Edvard Munch: The Frieze of Life. National Gallery Publications, Harry N. Abrams, 1993.
Eggum, Arne. Edvard Munch: A Biographical Background. London, 1992.
Facos, Michelle. Symbolist Art in Context. CA.: University of California Press, 2009.
Hirsh, Sharon L. Symbolism and Modern Urban Society. Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press, 2004,
Hodin, J. P. Edvard Munch. London : Thames & Hudson, 1972.
Hoifodt, Frank. Edvard Munch. London : Tate, 2012.
Holland, J. Gill. The Private Journals of Edvard Munch : We Are Flames Which Pour Out of The Earth. Madison, Wis. : University of Wisconsin Press, c2005.
Howe, Jeffery. Edvard Munch: Psyche, Symbol and Expression. MA.:Mcmullen Museum Of Art, Boston College, 2001.
Küster, Ulf and Philippe Büttner and Dieter Buchhart. Edvard Munch : Signs of Modern Art. Ostfildern : Hatje Cantz, 2007.
Messer, Thomas M. Edvard Munch. NY: Harry N. Abrams, 1985.
Partsch, Susanna. Gustav Klimt: Painter of Women. Munich: Prestel Publishing, 2006.
Prelinger, Elizabeth and Andrew Robinson. Edvard Munch: Master Prints. New York: Prestel Publishing, 2010.
Prideaux, Sue. Edvard Munch : Behind the Scream. New Haven [Conn.] : Yale University Press, c2005.
Stang, Ragna Thiis. Edvard Munch: The Man and His Art. New York :Abbeville Promotional, 1990.
Tøjner, Poul Erik. Munch: in His Own Words. Munich: Prestel, 2001.
Torjusen, Bente. Words and Images of Edvard Munch. London : Thames and Hudson, c1986.
Zarobell, John and Langdale, Shelley. Edvard Munch′s Mermaid. PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2005.
Zogaris, Evangeline. Edvard Munch’s ’Alpha and Omega’ Series: A Summation of the Frieze of Life Series. University of British Columbia, 1976.
中文書目
Baudelaire, Charles著，杜國清譯，《惡之花》（Les Fleurs du mal）台北：純文學出版社，1985年。
Freeman, Philip著，張家綺譯，《眾神喧嘩的年代》（Oh My Gods: A Modern Retelling of Greek and Roman Myths）台北：商周，2013年。
Freud, Sigmund著，汪鳳炎、郭本禹譯，《精神分析新論》（Neue Folge der Vorlesungen zur Einführung in die Psychoanalyse）台北：胡桃木文化，2006年。
Hodin, J. P.著，朱紀蓉譯，《孟克》（Edvard Munch）台北：遠流，1997年。
Ibsen, Henrik著，呂健忠譯注，《易卜生戲劇集Ⅴ－小艾歐夫／約翰‧蓋柏瑞‧卜克曼／復甦》（Henrik Ibsen Collected Plays Ⅴ: Little Eyolf/ John Gabriel Borkman/ When We Dead Awaken）台北：書林，2013。
王觀泉，《看懂歐洲藝術的神話故事》台北：信實文化，2008年。
何政廣主編，《孟克 : 北歐表現派先驅》台北：藝術家，1996年。
中文論文
孫曉瑩，《死亡之象徵與表現:孟克作品之心理探究》碩士論文（台北市立教育大學，2010）。
西文期刊
Brain, Robert Michael. “ How Edvard Munch and August Strindberg Contracted Protoplasmina: Memory, Synesthesia, and the Vibratory Organism in Fin-de-Siécle Europe.” Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, Vol. 35, No. 1, March, 2010: 7-38.
Hoffmann, Edith. “Edvard Munch.” The Burlington Magazine, Vol. 93, No. 585, Dec., 1951: 390, 392-39.
Jayne, Kristie. “The Culture Roots of Edvard Munch’s Images of Women.” Woman’s Art Journal, Vol. 10, No. 1, 1989: 28-34.
Klein, John. “The Dispersal of the Modernist Series.” Oxford Art Journal, Vol. 21, No. 1, 1998: 123-135.
Lathe, Carla. “Edvard Munch′s Dramatic Images 1892-1909.” Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, Vol. 46, 1983: 191-206.
Loshak, David. “Space, Time and Edvard Munch.” The Burlington Magazine, Vol. 131, No. 1033, Apr., 1989: 273-282.
Vergo, Peter. “Gustav Klimt’s Beethoven Friezes.” The Burlington Magazine, Vol. 115, No. 839, 1973: 108-113.
網路資料
http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/american_english/Christiania
http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/american_english/monism http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/frieze?q=frieze
http://www.emunch.no:8080/cocoon/emunch/TRANS_HYBRIDMM_UT0023.xhtml#.UVft9BxkOdL
http://www.secession.at/beethovenfries/1902_e.html
http://www.mfa.org/collections/object/summer-night-s-dream-the-voice-33634.
http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/american_english/Don-Juan
http://dev.textilpedia.org/wiki/George_Wingfield_Digby
http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/sphinx?q=sphinx
http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/Norns?q=+Norns
http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100522889?rskey=5VAfDm&result=0&q=Herbert%20Spencer
http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/Darwinism?q=Darwinism
https://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/american_english/harpy
https://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/american_english/misogyny
http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780198601746.013.3291
http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803122029647?rskey=dWAycr&result=0&q=When%20We%20Dead%20Awaken
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