博碩士論文 100322063 詳細資訊




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姓名 洪逸鈞(I-chun Hung)  查詢紙本館藏   畢業系所 土木工程學系
論文名稱 結合水文及數值模式應用於河川水位預報—以高屏溪為例
(Combining hydrological and numerical models applied to water stage forecast- A Case Study in Gaoping river)
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摘要(中) 由於極端氣候及颱風事件所造成之降雨不確定性,如何建立適當的洪水預警機制是本文所探討的問題。因應2009莫拉克風災以及2010凡那比颱風於台灣本島南部帶來嚴重的豪雨,致使高屏地區飽受水患之苦,故本研究選定高屏溪流域進行水文模擬及河川水位的討論。

本研究將整塊高屏流域分為四個區塊,分別為上游地區的荖濃溪、旗山溪、隘寮溪流域,以及下游地區的高屏溪流域。上游地區以水文逕流模式進行河川流量模擬,並將模擬出的流量當作給定之下游邊界條件。而下游則以數值模式建立一維河道與二維網格,並利用水文模式模擬之出流量進一步模擬出河川水位。

模式的檢定驗證以過去颱風事件作為依據,且以各流域的雨量站降雨資料為主要參數。驗證完成後再將模式耦合多組系集預報降雨,再進行各組不同降雨預報的水位模擬。研究結果可知,藉由雨量站所提供之雨量資料模擬出的水位值,洪峰誤差值皆小於4%。而天兔事件的洪峰時間在里嶺大橋水位站只有提前2小時,下游的萬大大橋水位站的模擬時間也相當吻合。而根據定量降雨數據所模擬出的水位數值,愈接近峰值發生時間的模擬水位,峰值也會愈接近。

摘要(英) This study aims to explore how to establish appropriate flood forecast in response to rainfall uncertainty caused by extreme weather and typhoons. Considering Typhoon Morakot (2009) and Typhoon Fanapi (2010) lead to the severe rainfall and flood in southern Taiwan, this study selected Gaoping River Basin as study site.

For research purpose, this study divided Gaoping River basin into four blocks, including upstream region: Laonong river, QiShan river and Ailiao river, and downstream region: Gaoping river. We used hydrological model to calculate surface runoff on upstream area and applied numerical model for channel to downstream calculations.

Past typhoon events were examined to calibrate model parameters in this study, while rainfall stations data for each river basin was used as main parameter to validate modeling performance. Lastly, the model was joined with quantitative precipitation and ensemble forecast to simulate different water stage.

The research result indicated that peak error values are less than 4% when setups for flash flood in this study were used. The peak time of Usagi event presents a relatively minor difference from the estimated peack time: 2 hours in advance, and the simulation time for Wanda Bridge downstream water level stations are in good agreement with actual event. Additionally, as the simulated water stage result based on quantitative precipitation data gets closer to simulated water stage result based on actual peak value event, the peak value appears to be more accurate.

關鍵字(中) ★ 水文模式
★ 定量降雨
★ 系集預報
關鍵字(英)
論文目次 摘要 i

Abstract ii

誌謝 iii

目錄 iv

圖目錄 vii

表目錄 xi

第一章 緒論 1

1-1 研究動機與目的 1

1-2 本文架構 3

第二章 文獻回顧與模式理論 4

2-1 文獻回顧 4

2-1-1 HEC-HMS 4

2-1-2 WASH123D數值模式 5

2-2 模式理論 6

2-2-1 HEC-HMS降雨-逕流模式 6

2-2-2 WASH123D 數值模式 11

第三章 研究區域背景描述及方法 23

3-1 研究區域地理環境 23

3-1-1 雨量站分佈 25

3-1-2 高屏溪水位站分布 27

3-1-3 土地利用 29

3-1-4 高程與坡度 30

3-2 模式建立 31

3-2-1 HEC-HMS逕流模式設定 31

3-2-2 WASH123D一維河道建立: 33

3-2-3 WASH123D二維網格建立: 35

第四章 聯合模擬結果 37

4-1 模式檢定及驗證 37

4-1-1事件選取 37

4-1-2 HEC-HMS參數 37

4-1-3雨量站模擬結果 40

4-2 系集降雨耦合結果 55

4-2-1 各時段水位討論 81

第五章 結論與建議 84

5-1結論 84

5-2建議 85

參考文獻 86

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3. 陳明遠,「高屏溪流域降雨逕流模式參數之研究」,碩士論文,國立屏東科技大學,(2014)。

4. 楊萬全,高屏溪流域和屏東平原的水資源(2000)

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6. 經濟部水利署,「強化高屏溪流域因應氣候變遷防洪調適能力研究計畫」,(2011)

7. 吳若穎、胡茵婷、許駿騰,「利用HEC-HMS模擬降雨-逕流並推估CN值與NDVI之關係」,(2009)

8. Venkatesh Merwade,Creating SCS Curve Number Grid using HEC-GeoHMS,Purdue University,(2012)

9. Venkatesh Merwade,Hydrologic Modeling using HEC-HMS,Purdue University,(2012)

10. Chow, V. T., Mays, D. R., Mays, L. W., “Applied Hydrology.” , McGraw-Hill, New York ,(1988).

11. Shih ,D.S. , Chen, C.H. , Yeh, G.T., “Improving our understanding of flood forecasting using earlier hydro-meteorological intelligence.”, Journal of Hydrology 512 ,pp 470-481. (2014).

12. Yeh, G.T., Shih, D.S., Cheng, J.C.,“An integrated media, integrated processes watershed model .” , Comput. Fluids 45 (1), pp 2-13.(2011).

13. Yeh G. T., Gwo J. P.,“High-performance simulation of surface-subsurface coupled flow and reactive transport at watershed scale.”The International Conference on Computational Methods. ”, pp. 15-17. (2004,12).

14. Shih, D.S., Yeh, G.T.,“Identified model parameterization, calibration and validation of the physically distributed hydrological model, WASH123D in Taiwan. ”Journal of Hydrology. Eng. 16 (2), pp.126-136. (2011).

15. Hsiao, L.F. , Yang, M.J., Lee C.S., Kuo, H.C., Shih, D.S. , Tsai, C.C. , Wang, C.J., Chang, L.Y., Chen, Y.C. , Feng, L. , Hong, J.S. , Fong, C.T., Chen, D.S., Yeh, T.C. , Huang, C.Y., Guo, W.D. , Lin, G.F., “Ensemble forecasting of typhoon rainfall and floods over a mountainous watershed in Taiwan. .”Journal of Hydrology 506, pp.55-68. (2013).

16. Haith, D. A., Mandel, R. and Wu, R. S., “Generalized Watershed Loading Functions Version 2.0: User’s Manual.”, Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, (1992).

17. Zhang, H., Zhang, F., Shi, X., Zeng, C., Shih, D.S., Yeh, G.-T.,“Influence of river channel geometry in stream flow modeling and guidelines for field investigation. Hydrological Processes. ” Hydrological Processes28(4) , pp.2630-2638,(2014).

18. Yeh, G.T., Huang ,G.,“Integrated Modeling of Groundwater and Surface Water Interactions in a Manmade Wetland. ” Integrated Hydrological Modeling of a Manmade Wetland 23(5), pp. 501-511.(2012).

19. Yeh, G.T., Cheng, H.P., Cheng, J.R., Lin, J.H.,“A numerical model to simulate flow and contaminant and sediment transport in watershed systems (WASH12D). ” Waterways Experiment Station, Technical Rep CHL-98-15. (1998,06).

20. Yeh, G.T., Huang, G.B., Zhang, F, Cheng, H.P., Lin H.C.,“WASH123D: A Numerical Model of Flow, Thermal Transport, and Salinity, Sediment, and Water Quality Transport in WAterSHed Systems of 1-D Stream-River Network, 2-D Overland Regime, and 3-D Subsurface Media. ” Technical report Submitted to US EPA. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Orlando, FL. (2005).

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指導教授 吳瑞賢 審核日期 2015-8-31
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