Mesogenic Heterocycles Formed by Quinoxalines, Bis–pyrazoles, and Bis–1, 3, 4–Oxadiazoles

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林冠廷(Kuan-Ting Lin) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

化學學系

論文名稱

(Mesogenic Heterocycles Formed by Quinoxalines, Bis–pyrazoles, and Bis–1, 3, 4–Oxadiazoles)

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摘要(中)

此論文主要分為四個系列，在第一系列中，成功合成及研究兩種不對稱1,3,4oxa(thia)diazoles具有quinoxaline及naphthalene結構1ab和2，我們利用偏光顯微鏡、熱微差掃描分析儀鑑定化合物具液晶性質，同時也藉由TGA鑑定化合物的熱穩定性，再利用X–Ray粉末繞射儀判斷其液晶相為Colh相，並將粉末繞射所得到的數據做理論計算模擬出化合物在液晶相中的堆疊情形，最後我們對化合物的發光性質做探討。
　　第二系列中，成功合成及研究四種具有quinoxaline和四種1, 3, 4–oxadiaozles spacer的結構1ad，我們利用偏光顯微鏡、熱微差掃描分析儀，鑑定化合物具液晶性質，同時也藉由TGA鑑定化合物的熱穩定性，再利用X–Ray粉末繞射儀判斷其液晶相為Colh以及ColL相，並將粉末繞射所得到的數據做理論計算模擬出化合物在液晶相中的堆疊情形，最後我們對化合物的發光性質做UV和PL的探討。
　　　第三系列中，成功合成及研究三種具有quinoxaline, bisoxazoles, 和bisthiazoles的catenar 液晶結構1ac，我們利用偏光顯微鏡、熱微差掃描分析儀鑑定化合物具有液晶性質，同時也藉由TGA鑑定化合物的熱穩定性，再以X–Ray粉末繞射儀判斷其液晶相為Colh相，並將粉末繞射所得到的數據做理論計算模擬出化合物在液晶相中的堆疊情形，最後我們對化合物的發光性質做探討。
　　第四系列中，成功合成及研究具有thiophene, pyrazoles 和1, 3, 4–oxadiazoles的結構1ac，我們利用偏光顯微鏡、熱微差掃描分析儀鑑定化合物具有液晶性質，同時也藉由TGA鑑定化合物的熱穩定性，再以X–Ray粉末繞射儀判斷其液晶相為SmA, SmC和Colh相，並將粉末繞射所得到的數據做理論計算模擬出化合物在液晶相中的堆疊情形，最後我們對化合物的發光性質做UV、PL探討。

摘要(英)

This thesis is devided into four different series. In series 1, two new structures of unsymmetric 1, 3, 4–oxa(thia)–diazoles 1a–b and 2 containing both quinoxaline and naphthalene moieties were prepared and their mesomorphic properties were investigated. The mesomorphic behavior of compounds 1–2 was studied by DSC analysis and polarized optical microscopy. All compounds 1a and 2 exhibited hexagonal columnar phases (Colh), which were also confirmed by powder XRD diffractometer. Ncell and Rar values equal to 5.23 and 22.73 Å within a slice of 9.0 Å thick were also obtained for 1a (n=16), indicating that a more disc-like structure constructed by two molecules lying side-by-side was correlated in Colh phases. In contrast, all compounds 1b were not mesogenic, and the lack of mesomorphic properties in 1b might be due to their unfavorable conformations. The PL spectra of all compounds 1a, b showed one intense peak at λmax = 509–512 nm, and these photoluminescent emissions originated from quinoxaline moiety.
In series 2, four new series of quinoxaline with four kind of 1, 3, 4–oxadiazoles spacer 1a–d were designed and prepared. Their mesomorphic properties were investigated. The mesomorphic behavior of compounds 1a–1d was studied by DSC analysis and polarized optical microscopy. All compounds 1a and 1d exhibited hexagonal columnar phases (Colh), which were also confirmed by powder XRD diffractometer. Ncell values equal to 2.85 and 2.16, Rar values are 20.49 and 22.74 Å within a slice of 9.0 Å thick were also obtained for 1a (n=12) and 1d (n = 12), indicating that a single molecule was packed within the columns in Colh phases. In contrast, all compounds 1c were not mesogenic, and the lack of mesomorphic properties in 1c might be due to their unfavorable conformations. The PL spectra of all compounds 1a–1d showed one intense peak at λmax = 517–529 nm, and these photoluminescent emissions originated from quinoxaline moiety.
In series 3, three new materials of catenar liquid crystals 1a–c derived from heterocyclic bisoxazoles and bisthiazoles exhibiting columnar phases were reported. All compounds 1a–c exhibited hexagonal columnar phases, which were also confirmed by powder XRD diffractometer. Compounds 1a have a slightly wider temperature range of columnar phases than those of compounds 1b, which might be attributed to higher core dipole polarized in 1a. A Ncell and Rar value equal to 2.54–2.76 and 19.99–20.45 Å within a slice of 9.0 Å thick were obtained for three derivatives 1a–c (all n = 12), indicating that a single molecule was packed within the columns in Colh phases. All derivatives showed good stabilities at temperature below T = 408.8 C on TGA analysis. The PL spectra of all compounds 1a–c showed one intense peak at λmax = 505–510 nm, and these photoluminescent emissions originated from quinoxaline moiety.
In series 4, three new series of multiple heterocyclic compounds 1a–c constructed by bis–pyrazoles, bis–1, 3, 4–oxadiazoles and thiophene exhibiting mesophases were reported. Crystallographic data showed that the crystal 1a (n = 8) is a linear–shaped molecule with a molecular length of ca. 40.57 Å. However, three heterocyclic rings were not coplanar. All compounds 1a formed smectic A/C phases, and all compounds 1c exhibited columnar phases, which were confirmed by powder XRD diffractometer. A Ncell and Rar value equal to 3.91 and 18.29 Å within a slice of 9.0 Å thick were obtained for derivatives 1c (n = 8), indicating that two molecule was correlated within columns in Colh phases. All derivatives showed good stabilities at temperature below T = 383–426 C on TGA. The PL spectra of all compounds 1b–c (n = 8) showed one intense peak at λmax = 418–496 nm, and these photoluminescent emissions originated from 1, 3, 4–oxadiazole moiety.

關鍵字(中)

★ 盤狀液晶
★ 喹喔啉
★ 惡二唑

關鍵字(英)

★ columnar liquid crystal
★ quinoxaline
★ oxadiazole
★ thiophene
★ pyrazole
★ smectic C

論文目次

第一章緒論 1
1-1液晶簡介 2
1-2液晶相形成的條件 3
1-3液晶相分類 4
1-4盤狀液晶 5
1-5桿狀液晶 7
1-6研究動機 8
第二章合成部分 13
2-1系列一實驗流程 14
2-2系列一實驗步驟 15
2-3系列二實驗流程 27
2-4系列二實驗步驟 29
2-5系列三實驗流程 36
2-6系列三實驗步驟 37
2-7系列四實驗流程 46
28系列四實驗步驟 47
第三章結果與討論 53
3-1 系列一結構與代號 54
3-2 系列一化合物液晶性質及熱穩定性探討 55
3-3 系列一Powder Xray分析與分子排列模擬 61
3-4 系列一化合物光學性質探討 66
3-5 系列二結構與代號 69
3-6 系列二化合物液晶性質及熱穩定性探討 70
3-7 系列二化合物Powder Xray分析與分子排列模擬 75
3-8 系列二化合物光學性質探討 80
3-9 系列三結構與代號 84
3-10 系列三化合物液晶性質及熱穩定性探討 85
3-11 系列三化合物Powder Xray分析與分子排列模擬 91
3-12 系列三化合物光學性質探討 95
3-13 系列四結構與代號 98
3-14 系列四化合物1a單晶結構探討 99
3-15 系列四化合物液晶性質及熱穩定性探討 103
3-16 系列四化合物Powder Xray分析與分子排列模擬 108
3-17 系列四化合物光學性質探討 111
第四章結論 115
4-1 系列一結論 116
4-2 系列二結論 117
4-3 系列三結論 118
4-4 系列四結論 119
Reference 120
附錄 127

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指導教授

賴重光(Chung-Kung Lai)

審核日期

2015-7-15

推文