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姓名	李昱樺(Yu-hua Li)  查詢紙本館藏	畢業系所	生物醫學工程研究所
論文名稱	以腦電圖觀察大腦恢復清醒的動態歷程 (Dynamic electroencephalographic process from awakening to wakefulness: a simultaneous EEG-fMRI study)
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摘要(中)	從睡眠中醒覺，對動物界所有的生命體來說是件攸關性命的能力。經過一夜睡眠之後，大腦本身的神經生理會隨著先前的睡眠結構、生理時鐘、睡眠恆定、年紀或睡眠失調等而改變；而從睡眠到清醒的過程中除了生理上的變化以外，亦隱含著大腦重新獲得意識以及日常認知功能的意義。先前研究指出，在剛睡醒時，認知行為會暫時有較為低落的表現，此現象被稱之為睡眠遲惰；但是對於大腦如何在睡眠遲惰期間恢復到完全清醒的歷程尚未有深入的了解。因此我們使用同步腦電圖與功能性磁振造影來進行睡眠遲惰之研究，觀察從剛睡醒到清醒期間，大腦自發性反應、認知功能以及行為表現的變化。藉由腦電圖，我們可以區分大腦是否處於睡眠狀態，以及不同腦波在睡眠遲惰期間的變化。本實驗觀察從剛睡醒到清醒期間腦波自發性活動的改變、事件相關電位變化以及大腦網路連結情況，進一步了解在這轉換期間整個生心理狀態之改變。我們的結果發現，在認知功能的表現上，Oz電極的P100振福在睡醒後30分鐘有明顯增加。而在大腦自發活動的表現上，各頻帶都有其特定的空間分布且不隨睡眠遲惰的時間點而改變；但頻帶功率的大小在剛睡醒到清醒時的三個時間點則呈現V型或是倒V型的趨勢.。整體而言，睡醒30分鐘之後，是睡眠遲惰的影響要消散、大腦功能要恢復到完全清醒時的一個轉捩點。
摘要(英)	Awakening from sleep is a crucial event for survival in the animal kingdom, which associates with the capability of regaining the consciousness, the recovery of cognitive performances and the arousal under life threats. In modern brain science, the spontaneous transition from sleep to waking might reflect the dynamic processes of brain recovery, affected by several factors include sleep architecture before awakening, circadian phase, sleep homeostatic, age, or sleep disorder. Previous studies found that behavior performance decreased upon awakening, noted as sleep inertia. However, how the brain regulates upon awakening to wakefulness remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted simultaneous EEG and fMRI recordings to investigate the dynamic changes along sleep inertia. In this thesis, we compared the cortical EEG psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) activities and resting state functional connectivity in three time points upon awakening. In PVT, we found that P100 amplitude increased 30 min after awakening in Oz electrode. In the resting state, each frequency band was localized to different brain regions and did not shift to other region across session. The amplitude of frequency power presented a V-shaped or inverse V-shaped along the awakening session. In conclusion, 30 min after awakening could be the turning point for the dissipation of the sleep inertia effect and for the completeness of brain reorganization in wakefulness.
關鍵字(中)	★ 睡眠遲惰 ★ 覺醒 ★ 靜息態腦波 ★ 事件相關電位	關鍵字(英)	★ sleep inertia ★ awakening ★ resting-state EEG ★ event-related potentials
論文目次	Contents 中文摘要 I ABSTRACT VI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS VII LIST OF FIGURES XII LIST OF TABLES XI CHAPTER1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Research purpose 1 1.2 Hypothesis 5 1.3 Thesis structure 5 CHAPTER 2. BACKGROUND 6 2.1 Simultaneous recording EEG-fMRI 6 2.2 Character of electrophysiology in sleep 7 2.3 Sleep Inertia 8 2.4 Psychomotor Vigilance Task 9 2.5 Functions of EEG spectrum inwakefulness 11 CHAPTER 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS 13 3.1 Participants 13 3.2 Experiment Design 13 3.2.1 Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) 14 3.2.2 Actigraphy 15 3.3 Functional MRI 16 3.4 EEG 17 3.4.1 EEG protocol 17 3.4.2 EEG Pre-processing 18 3.4.3 Psychomotor Vigilance Task behavior data analysis 19 3.4.4 Psychomotor Vigilance Task Event-related potential analysis 19 3.4.5 Resting-state spectrum analysis 20 3.4.6 Resting-state connectivity analysis 21 3.4.7 Statistical analysis 22 CHAPTER 4. OPTIMIZATION OF EEG PROCESSING IN SIMULTANEOUS EEG-FMRI RECORDINGS 24 4.1 Simultaneous EEG-fMRI 24 4.2 MRI-related Artifacts 34 4.3 Ballisto-cardiogram (BCG) artifact 36 4.4 Removing the BCG using spatial pattern removal approaches 40 CHAPTER 5. RESULT 42 5.1 Sleep scoring result 42 5.2 Sleep logs before the experiment day 42 5.3 Cognitive performance 45 5.4 Event-related potential 45 5.5 Spectrum 49 5.5.1 Spectral power during resting 50 5.5.2 Topographic distribution during resting 55 5.6 Topology of the EEG networks 55 CHAPTER 6. DISCUSSION 59 6.1 Technique problem 59 6.2 Type of task 59 6.3 Subjects variation 60 6.4 Prior sleep duration 60 6.5 Cognitive function 62 6.5.1 P100 amplitude 62 6.5.2 P300 latency and amplitudes 63 6.6 Spectrum and topography distribution in Resting 64 6.6.1 Delta dominant in prefrontal-lateral regions 64 6.6.2 Theta dominance in prefrontal 65 6.6.3 Alpha dominance in parieto-occipital regions 65 6.6.4 Beta1 dominance in fronto-central / Beta2 dominance in frontal and parietal 66 6.7 Connectivity in Resting 68 6.8 fMRI in PVT and resting-state 68 CHAPTER7. CONCLUSION 71 REFERENCE 72
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指導教授	吳昌衛(Changwei Wu)	審核日期	2015-8-28
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