博碩士論文 102226057 詳細資訊




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姓名 羅永豪(Weng-Hou Lo)  查詢紙本館藏   畢業系所 光電科學與工程學系
論文名稱 子孔徑接合干涉術之迭代式位置校正演算法開發
(Development of Iterative Position Correction Algorithms for Subaperture Stitching Interferometry)
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摘要(中) 光學檢測技術在科技上,一直都扮演著十分重要的角色。而一個光學系統,反射鏡和各類型透鏡都會被廣泛使用在其中,這些光學元件的好壞會直接影響成像的品質。因此,在製造光學元件的過程中,檢測其平滑度、弧度、對稱性等都是十分重要的,以求達到光學系統的需求以及可容忍的誤差範圍內。

  現行光學檢測的方法主要分為兩種,分別為接觸式和非接觸式。本論文研究的方向在非接觸式的光學檢測系統上,並利用子孔徑接合干涉術得到待測元件之相位。當中每個子孔徑會依照量測時的空間座標位置,以幾何換算後放置到電腦數據端的座標位置上,因此,定位會直接影響子孔徑接合結果的精確性。不過,在干涉儀對準的過程中,因為機器的限制、位置估算的誤差與微震動等,都會造成子孔徑位置的不確定性。

  因此,本研究引入相位差分作為位移補償器,開發出子孔徑位置校正演算法來校正子孔徑位置的不確定性,並先透過模擬的方式驗證。當中從較簡單的單環子孔徑結構延伸至較複雜的多環結構,結果顯示,經校正後的位置誤差小於0.001個像素,相位接合誤差之均方根值在10-6波長等級。最後,再利用實驗數據來進一步的改良與驗證演算法之可行性與精確度。結果顯示,位置校正後,相位接合誤差之均方根值比校正前降低約10%。
摘要(英) Optical measurement is an important technology frequently used for testing the quality of optical elements or measuring distance. The subaperture stitching interferometry is a technique suitable for testing high numerical-aperture optics, large-diameter spherical lenses and aspheric optics. In the stitching process, each subaperture has to be placed at its correct position in the global coordinate, and the positioning precision would affect the accuracy of stitching result. However, the mechanical limitations in the alignment process as well as vibrations during the measurement would induce inevitable subaperture position uncertainties.

This research provides an iterative algorithm to correct the subaperture position without altering the interferometer configuration. Each subaperture is first placed at its geometric position estimated with the F number of reference lens, the measurement null angle and the number of pixels along the width of subaperture. By using the concept of differentiation, a shift compensator along the radial direction of the global coordinate is added into the stitching algorithm. The algorithm is divided into two parts: one with four compensators of piston, two direction tilts and defocus, and the other with the shift compensator. The two parts are computed iteratively to minimize the phase differences in the overlapped regions of subapertures in a least-squares sense. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method works for both the single-ring and multiple-ring measuring configurations, and the subaperture position error is less than 0.001 pixels. The verifications with single-ring and multiple-ring experimental data also show the effectiveness of the algorithm.
關鍵字(中) ★ 子孔徑接合
★ 位置校正
★ 光學測試
★ 震動
關鍵字(英) ★ Subaperture stitching
★ position correction
★ optical testing
★ vibrations
論文目次 摘要 i

Abstract ii

致謝 iv

目錄 v

圖目錄 vii

表目錄 x

第一章 緒論 1

1-1 前言 1

1-2 研究目的 3

1-3 文獻探討與研究方法 4

1-4 論文架構 6

第二章 光學基本理論 8

2-1 光的波動方程式與干涉現象 8

2-2 基本光學像差 11

2-3 Zernike多項式之介紹 13

第三章 光學元件檢測方法 17

3-1 光學元件檢測種類 17

3-2 干涉儀基本介紹 18

3-3 Fizeau干涉儀介紹 19

第四章 子孔徑相位接合與位置校正之介紹 21

4-1 最小平方差之子孔徑相位接合演算法 22

4-2 多次迭代之子孔徑位置校正演算法 25

第五章 結果與討論 28

5-1 子孔徑位置校正演算法之模擬 28

5-1-1 模擬參數之設定 28

5-1-2 單環子孔徑之位置校正結果 31

5-1-3 多環子孔徑之位置校正結果 34

5-2 實驗數據之子孔徑位置校正 39

5-2-1 量測工具與實驗數據之參數 39

5-2-2 單環子孔徑之位置校正結果 40

5-2-3 多環子孔徑之位置校正結果 53

第六章 結論與未來展望 57

參考文獻 59

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[2] M. Otsubo, K. Okada, and J. Tsujiuchi, “Measurement of large plane surface shapes by connecting small-aperture interferograms,” Opt. Eng. 33(2), 608-613 (1994).



[3] M. Bray, “Stitching interferometer for large plano optics by using a standard interferometer,” Proc. SPIE 3134, Optical Manufacturing and Testing II, 39 (1997).



[4] S. Chen, S. Li, and Y. Dai, “Iterative algorithm for subaperture stitching interferometry for general surfaces,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 22(9), 1929-1936 (2005).



[5] X. K. Wang, L. H. Wang, L. H. Yin, B. Z. Zhang, D. Fan and X. J. Zhang, “Measurement of large aspheric surfaces by annular subaperture stitching interferometry,” Chinese Opt. Letters 5(11), 645-648 (2007).



[6] J. Fleig, P. Dumas, P. E. Murphy, and G. Forbes, “An automated subaperture stitching interferometer workstation for spherical and aspherical surfaces,” Proc. SPIE 5188, 296 (2003).



[7] P. Zhang, H. Zhao, X. Zhou, and J. Li, “Sub-aperture stitching interferometer using stereovision positioning technique,” Opt. Express 18(14), 15216-15222 (2010).



[8] D. Golini, G. Forbes, and P. Murphy, “Method for self-calibrated sub-aperture stitching for surface figure measurement,” U.S. Patent 6,956,657 B2, issued Oct.18 (2005).



[9] P. Zhang, H. Zhao, B. Liu, F. Gao, and J. Huang, “Simple method for the implementation of subaperture stitching interferometry,” Opt. Eng. 50(9), 095601 (2011).



[10] C. Zhao and J. Burge, “Stitching of off-axis sub-aperture null measurements of an aspheric surface,” Proc. SPIE 7063, Interferometry XIV: Techniques and Analysis, 706316 (2008).



[11] P. C. Lin, Y. A. Chen, H. S. Chang, C. W. Liang and Y. C. Chen, “Aberration compensation and position scanning of a subaperture stitching algorithm,” Proc. SPIE 8494, Interferometry XVI: Applications, 84940L (2012).



[12] C. Liang, H. Chang, P. Lin, C. Lee and Y. Chen, “Vibration modulated subaperture stitching interferometry”, Opt. Express 21(15), 18255-18260 (2013).



[13] V. Mahajan, “Zernike Polynomials and Wavefront Fitting” in Optical Shop Testing, D. Malacara ed.3 (Wiley-Interscience, Hoboken, New Jersey, 2007).



[14] H. Chang, C. Liang, P. Lin and Y. Chen, “Measurement improvement by high overlapping density subaperture stitching interferometry”, Appl. Opt. 53(29), H102-H108 (2014).

指導教授 陳怡君(Yi-Chun Chen) 審核日期 2015-8-31
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