博碩士論文 102521089 詳細資訊




以作者查詢圖書館館藏 以作者查詢臺灣博碩士 以作者查詢全國書目 勘誤回報 、線上人數:28 、訪客IP:3.129.218.144
姓名 黃沛嘉(Pei-chia Huang)  查詢紙本館藏   畢業系所 電機工程學系
論文名稱 以生理呼吸調控為基礎的呼吸系統模型之建構
(Respiratory system modeling based on the physiological regulatory mechanism)
相關論文
★ 獨立成份分析法於真實環境中聲音訊號分離之探討★ 口腔核磁共振影像的分割與三維灰階值內插
★ 數位式氣喘尖峰氣流量監測系統設計★ 結合人工電子耳與助聽器對中文語音辨識率的影響
★ 人工電子耳進階結合編碼策略的中文語音辨識成效模擬--結合助聽器之分析★ 中文發聲之神經關聯性的腦功能磁振造影研究
★ 利用有限元素法建構3維的舌頭力學模型★ 以磁振造影為基礎的立體舌頭圖譜之建構
★ 腎小管之草酸鈣濃度變化與草酸鈣結石關係之模擬研究★ 口腔磁振影像舌頭構造之自動分割
★ 微波輸出窗電性匹配之研究★ 以軟體為基準的助聽器模擬平台之發展-噪音消除
★ 以軟體為基準的助聽器模擬平台之發展-回饋音消除★ 模擬人工電子耳頻道數、刺激速率與雙耳聽對噪音環境下中文語音辨識率之影響
★ 用類神經網路研究中文語音聲調產生之神經關聯性★ 教學用電腦模擬生理系統之建構
檔案 [Endnote RIS 格式]    [Bibtex 格式]    [相關文章]   [文章引用]   [完整記錄]   [館藏目錄]   [檢視]  [下載]
  1. 本電子論文使用權限為同意立即開放。
  2. 已達開放權限電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的,進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。
  3. 請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定,切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送,以免觸法。

摘要(中) 本研究的目的是以生理機制與臨床實驗數據做為調整參數的依據,並使用等效電路及數學函數來建構呼吸系統模型,來模擬正常情形、環境改變以及疾病狀態的生理現象。我們以集總參數的方法將呼吸系統分為上通氣道、可塌陷氣道、小氣道以及肺泡區域四個部分,並加入呼吸中樞調控機制,讓模型能夠模擬氧氣與二氧化碳對呼吸行為的影響,並顯示酸鹼度變化對呼吸頻率與潮氣容積的影響。本論文的呼吸系統模型包含三種情形的模擬: ( 1 ) 正常情形時的呼吸, ( 2 ) 環境變化時呼吸行為的改變, ( 3 ) 疾病狀態下的呼吸情形。在正常情形時模擬結果可顯示呼吸氣流量、潮氣容積、呼吸頻率等特徵。模擬高二氧氧化碳環境時,我們分別將環境中二氧化碳含量由正常值0.3%調整為3%、5%、6%以及7%,此時過多的二氧化碳會造成血液中的pH值下降,刺激呼吸中樞,使潮氣容積、呼吸頻率等數值明顯增加,進而使總換氣量分別增加為原來的1.7倍、3.06倍、4.3倍以及6倍,讓體內累積過多的二氧化碳可以排出體外;而在低氧環境時,我們將環境中的氧氣分壓由正常值20%調整為9%、8%與7%,此時正常呼吸無法提供維持正常生理機能所需要的氧氣,導致呼吸頻率與潮氣容積增加,總換氣量增加為原來的2.3倍、3.2倍與4.4倍,加速氧氣進入體內以維持正常的生理機能。從此結果可以看出,呼吸行為對環境中氧氣分壓的改變較為敏感,當環境中氧氣含量降為原來的一半時,總換氣量即有明顯的改變;二氧化碳含量則必須增加為原來的十倍才能達到同等效果。模擬疾病時,我們分別模擬氣喘、慢性支氣管炎以及肺氣腫等疾病,模型可模擬由呼吸道阻塞所引起的血碳酸過高以及缺氧的情形,此時呼吸頻率增加,但呼吸流量減少導致潮氣容積並沒有明顯增加,總換氣量有小幅的增加。

模擬結果顯示本模型具有模擬正常情形呼吸的能力,加入呼吸調控機制後,更可以模擬環境與疾病狀態時,氧氣及二氧化碳改變對呼吸造成的影響。本模型能夠做不同情境下呼吸行為改變的研究,並提供環境變化與疾病狀態的預測。
摘要(英) The purpose of this study is to build a respiratory system model with physiological regulatory mechanism by using equivalent analog circuits and mathematical functions. Based on the physiological mechanism and clinical experimental data, we can adjust the parameters to simulate the physiological phenomenon of normal condition, environmental changes and pathological conditions. We used the lumped parameter method to build the respiratory system model and divided it into four sections: upper airways, collapsible airways, small airways and alveolar regions. Furthermore, by adding the respiratory control mechanism into the system, we could simulate the effects of oxygen and carbon dioxide on the respiratory behavior, and show how pH value affects breathing frequency and tidal volume with this model. The respiratory system model in this thesis could be used to simulate three conditions: (1) normal condition, (2) environmental changes, and (3) disease situations. In normal condition, the simulation results could show physiologically normal air flow, tidal volume and respiratory rate. When simulating the situation of hypercapnia, we adjust the inspiratory carbon dioxide from normal level, which is 0.3%, to 3%、5%、6% and 7%. Under these conditions, excess carbon dioxide has been inhaled, causing a drop in pH values. Respiratory rate and tidal volume were significantly increased. Furthermore, total ventilation was increased to 1.7, 3.06, 4.3 and 6 times larger than that of the original, respectively. When simulating the situation of hypoxia, we adjust the inspiratory oxygen from normal level, which is 20%, to 9%、8% and 7%. Under these circumstances, respiratory rate and tidal volume were significantly increased. Total ventilation was increased to 2.3, 3.2 and 4.4 times larger than that of the original, respectively. Based on these results, it could be implied that oxygen is more sensitive to respiratory behaviors. When simulating disease situations, we simulated asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Our model could have the ability to simulate hypercapnia and hypoxia caused by airway obstruction. In this case, respiratory rate was increased, but the tidal volume was not changed, and the total ventilation was increased slightly.

In summary, our results showed that this model was capable of simulating air flow, tidal volume, breathing frequency and other characteristics under normal conditions. By adding respiratory control mechanism, we could simulate respiratory rate and tidal volume responses caused by oxygen and carbon dioxide changes due to conditions of environmental changes and diseases. The model we built in this study provides a research tool for studying respiratory behavior changes under different conditions, and a prediction of respiratory behavior affected by environmental changes and diseases.
關鍵字(中) ★ 呼吸系統模型
★ 生理呼吸調控
★ 高碳酸血症
★ 缺氧
★ 氣喘
★ 慢性支氣管炎
★ 肺氣腫
關鍵字(英) ★ Respiratory System Model
★ Physiological Regulatory Mechanism
★ hypercapnia
★ hypoxia
★ asthma
★ chronic bronchitis
★ emphysema
論文目次 目錄

摘要 I

Abstract III

致謝 V

目錄 VI

圖目錄 VIII

表目錄 XI

第一章 緒論 1

1.1研究動機 1

1.2文獻探討 5

1.2.1類比電路模型 5

1.2.2數學模型 7

1.3論文架構 10

第二章 呼吸系統介紹 11

2.1呼吸系統生理構造及功能 11

2.1.1肺部通氣 ( Pulmonary ventilation ) 11

2.1.2呼吸調節 ( Regulation of ventilation ) 14

2.2呼吸系統疾病 20

第三章 呼吸系統模型建構 22

3.1建構呼吸系統通氣機制模型 23

3.1.1上通氣道 ( Upper airway ) 23

3.1.2可塌陷氣道 ( Collapsible airway ) 24

3.1.3小氣道以及 ( Small airway ) 26

3.1.4肺泡區域 ( Alveolar region ) 27

3.2建構呼吸中樞調控機制模型 28

第四章 結果與討論 36

4.1正常情況的模擬 36

4.2環境變化的模擬結果 39

4.2.1高二氧化碳 ( Hypercapinia ) 情境模擬 39

4.2.2缺氧 ( Hypoxia ) 情境模擬 42

4.3疾病模擬結果 44

4.3.1氣喘 ( Asthma ) 模擬 44

4.3.2慢性支氣管炎 ( Chronic bronchitis ) 模擬 46

4.3.3肺氣腫 ( Emphysema ) 模擬 48

4.3.4 酸鹼度與呼吸變化 49

4.4討論 51

第五章 結論與未來展望 57

5.1 結論 57

5.2 未來展望 58

參考文獻 60



圖目錄

圖1.1人體解剖模型的發展 ( Zaidi and Tsui, 2009 ) 3

圖2.1 人體正常呼吸下,肺容積、肺泡壓與胸膜壓的變化 13

( Guyton and Hall, 2010 ) 13

圖2.2 呼吸控制示意圖 14

圖2.3 呼吸中樞示意圖 15

圖2.4 二氧化碳在肺部的轉換 18

圖2.5 中樞化學感受器示意圖 ( Fox, 2011 ) 18

圖2.6 周邊化學感受器示意圖 ( Guyton and Hall, 2010 ) 19

圖3.1流程圖 22

圖3.2呼吸系統示意圖 25

圖3.3 呼吸系統等效電路模型 28

圖3.4 肺氣體交換示意圖 29

圖3.5 pH值與二氧化碳的關係 30

圖3.6中樞化學感受器響應-潮氣容積 31

圖3.7中樞化學感受器響應-呼吸頻率 31

圖3.8周圍化學感受器響應-潮氣容積 32

圖3.9周圍化學感受器響應-呼吸頻率 32

圖3.10二氧化碳對潮氣容積的影響 33

圖3.11二氧化碳對呼吸頻率的影響 34

圖4.1正常呼吸下肺泡壓 ( 左 ) 與胸膜壓 ( 右 ) 的模擬結果 37

圖4.2正常情況下氣流量 ( 左 ) 與潮氣容積 ( 右 ) 38

圖4.3正常情況下容積-流量關係圖 38

圖4.4二氧化碳對潮氣容積 ( 左 ) 與呼吸頻率 ( 右 ) 的影響 40

圖4.5高二氧化碳環境下潮氣容積 ( 左 ) 與呼吸頻率 ( 右 ) 40

圖4.6高二氧化碳環境下總換氣量 41

圖4.7吸入不同二氧化碳分壓的模擬結果 41

圖4.8氧氣對潮氣容積 ( 左 ) 與呼吸頻率 ( 右 ) 的影響 42

圖4.9缺氧時潮氣容積 ( 左 ) 與呼吸頻率 ( 右 ) 的改變 43

圖4.10缺氧時總換氣量的改變 43

圖4.11吸入不同氧氣分壓的模擬結果 44

圖4.12氣喘時氣流量 ( 左 ) 與潮氣容積 ( 右 )的變化 45

圖4.13氣喘時容積-流量關係 ( 左 ) 與胸膜壓 ( 右 ) 的變化 45

圖4.14慢性支氣管炎時氣流量 ( 左 ) 與潮氣容積 ( 右 ) 47

圖4.15慢性支氣管炎時容積-流量關係 ( 左 ) 與胸膜壓 ( 右 ) 47

圖4.16肺氣腫時潮氣容積 ( 左 ) 與氣流量 ( 右 ) 的變化 48

圖4.17肺氣腫時容積-流量關係 ( 左 ) 與胸膜壓 ( 右 ) 的變化 49

圖4.18 潮氣容積與酸鹼度的關係 50

圖4.19 酸鹼度對呼吸頻率的影響 50

圖4.20正常情形下,肺泡壓、胸膜壓與肺容積模的擬結果與實際情形比較 52

圖4.21正常情形下,呼吸氣流量的模擬結果與實際情形比較 52

圖4.22學者Reynolds ( Reynolds et al., 1972 ) 的臨床實驗數據 53

圖4.23學者Reynolds ( Reynolds et al., 1973 ) 的臨床實驗數據 54

圖4.24 呼吸頻率與酸鹼度的關係 56



表目錄

表3-1. 建構生理模型時常用單位 22

表4-1.正常狀況的模擬參數 37

表4-2.正常狀況下呼吸頻率與總換氣量 39

表4-3.吸入氣體分壓設定 40

表4-4.吸入氣體分壓設定 42

表4-5.氣喘時呼吸頻率與總換氣量 46

表4-6.氣喘時呼吸頻率與總換氣量 47

表4-7.氣喘時呼吸頻率與總換氣量 49

參考文獻 Bouhuys, A., and Jonson, B. (1967). "Alveolar pressure, airflow rate, and lung inflation in man," J. Appl. Physiol., 22, 1086-1100.

Briscoe, W. A., Cree, E. M., Filler, J., Houssay, H. E. J., and Cournand, A. (1960). "Lung volume, alveolar ventilation and perfusion interrelationships in chronic pulmonary emphysema," J. Appl. Physiol., 15, 785-795.

Brackett, N. C., Cohen, J. J., and Schwartz, W. B. (1965). "Carbon

dioxide titration curve of normal man," N. Engl. J. Med., 272, 6-12.

Casey, K., Duffin, J., McAvoy, G. V. (1987). "The effect of exercise on the central-chemoreceptor threshold in man," J. Physiol. London, 383, 9-18.

Chiari, L., Avanzolini, G., and Ursino, M. (1997). "A Comprehensive Simulator of the Human Respiratory System : Validation with Experimental and Simulated Data," Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 25, 985-999.

Cooney, D. O. (1976). Biomedical Engineering Principles - An Introduction to Fluid, Heat, and Mass Transport Processes, Marcel Dekker, INC.

Duffin, J., McAvoy, G.V. (1988). "The peripheral-chemoreceptor threshold to carbon dioxide in man," J. Physiol. London, 406, 15-26.

Duffin, J., Mohan, R. M., Vasiliou, P., Stephenson, R., and Mahamed, S. (2000). "A model of the chemoreflex control of breathing in humans: model parameters measurement, "Respiration Physiology, 120, 13-26.

Duffin, J. (2005). "Role of acid-base balance in the chemoreflex control of breathing," J. Appl. Physiol., 99, 2255-2265.

Ferris, B. G., JR., Mead, J., and Opie, L. H. (1964). "Partitioning of respiratory flow resistance in man," J. Appl. Physiol., 19, 653-658.

Fink, B. R. (1961). "Influence of cerebral activity in wakefulness on regulation of breathing," J. Appl. Physiol., 16, 15-20.

Fox, S. I. (2011). Human Physiology, New York: McGraw-Hill.

Gray, J. S. (1946). "The multiple factor theory of the control of respiratory ventilation," Science, 103, 739-744.

Grodins, F. S., Buell, J., and Bart, A. J. (1967). "Mathematical analysis and digital simulation of the respiratory control system," J. Appl. Physiol., 22, 260-276.

Golden, J. F., Clark, J. W., and Stevens, P. M. (1973). "Mathematical modeling of pulmonary airway dynamics," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, BME-20, 397-404.

Guyton, A. C., and Hall, J. E. (2010). Textbook of Medical Physiology, Philadelphia: Saunders.

Hyatt, R. E., and Flath, R. E. (1966). "Influence of lung parenchyma on pressure-diameter behavior of dog bronchi," J. Appl. Physiol., 21, 1448-1452.

Kahaly, G. J., Nieswandt, J., Wagner, S., Schlegel, J., Mohr-Kahaly, S., and Hommel, G. (1998). "Ineffective cardiorespiratory function in hyperthyroidism," J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 83, 4075-4078.

Kanda, S., Fujimoto, K., Komatsu, Y., Yasuo, M., Hanaoka, M., and Kubo, K. (2010). "Evaluation of Respiratory Impedance in Asthma and COPD by an Impulse Oscillation System," Inter Med, 49, 23-30.

Lambert, R. K., Wilson, T. A., Hyatt, R. E., and Rodarte, J. R. (1982). "A computational model for expiratory flow," J. Appl. Physiol., 52, 44-56.

Leaver, D. G., Tatrersfield, A. E., and Pride, N. B. (1973). "Contributions of Loss of Lung Recoil and of Enhanced Airways Collapsibility to the Airflow Obstruction of Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema," The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 52, 2117-2128.

Lloyd, B. B. (1966). "The interactions between hypoxia and other ventilatory stimuli," In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Cardiovascular and Respiratory Effects of Hypoxia, Hatcher, J.D., Jennings, D.B. (Eds.), Karger, Basel, 146–165.

Macklem, P. T., and Mead, J. (1967). "Resistance of central and peripheral airways measured by a retrograde catheter," J. Appl. Physiol., 22, 395-401.

Mohan, R., and Duffin, J. (1997) "The effect of hypoxia on the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide in man," Respiration Physiology, 108, 101-115.

Murtagh, P. S., Proctor, D. F., Permutt, S., Kelly, B. L., and Evering, S. (1971). "Bronchial mechanics in excised dog lobes," J. Appl. Physiol., 31, 403-408.

Olender, M. F., Clark, J. W., and Stevens, P. M. (1976). "Analog computer simulation of maximum expiratory flow limitation," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, BME-23, 445-452.

Polak, A. G., and Lutchen, K. R. (2003). "Computational model for forced expiration from asymmetric normal lungs," Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 31, 891-907.

Polak, A. G., and Mroczka, J. (2006). "Nonlinear model for mechanical ventilation of human lungs," Computers in Biology and Medicine, 36, 41-58.

Pride, N. B., Permutt, S., Riley, R. L., and Bromberger-Barnea, B. (1967). "Determinants of maximum expiratory flow from the lungs," J. Appl. Physiol., 23, 646-662.

Reynolds, W. J., H. T. Milhorn Jr., and G. H. Holloman Jr. (1972). "Transient ventilatory response to graded hypercapnia in man," J. Appl. Physiol., 33, 25-35.

Reynolds, W. J., and H. T. Milhorn Jr. (1973). "Transient ventilator response to hypoxia with and without controlled alveolar PCO2," J. Appl. Physiol., 35, 187-196.

Ritter, A. B., Reisman, S., and Michiak, B. B. (2005). Biomedical Engineering Principles, Taylor & Franics.

Rohrer, F. (1915). "Der Stromungswiderstand in den Menschlichen Atemwegen," Pflugers Arch. Gesamte Physiol., 162, 225-259.

Seemungal, T. A. R., Donaldson, G. C., Bhowmik, A., Jeffries, D. J., and Wedzicha, J. A. (2000). "Time Course and Recovery of Exacerbations in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease," American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 161, 1608-1613.

Sensen, C. W., and Soh, J. (2009). "CAVEman, An Object-Oriented Model of the Human Body," Advanced Imaging in Biology and Medicine, 289-300.

Smith, T. F., and Hudgel, D. W. (1980). "Decreased ventilation response to hypoxia in children with asthma," The Journal of Pediatrics, 97, 736-741.

Snyder, M. F., and Rideout, V. C. (1969). "Computer simulation studies of the venous circulation," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, BME-16, 325-334.

Snyder, M. F., Rideout, V. C., and Hillestad, R. J. (1968). "Computer modeling of the human systemic arterial tree," J. Biomechanics, 1, 341-353.

Stewart, P. A. (1983). "Modern quantitative acid-base chemistry," Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 61, 1444-1461.

Verbraak, A., Bogaard, J., Beneken, J., Hoorn, E., and Versprille, A. (1991). "Serial lung model for simulation and parameter estimation in body plethysmography," Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing, 29, 309-317.

Weibel, E. R. (1965). "Morphometry of the human lung," Anesthesiology, 26, 367.

West, J. B. (2001). Pulmonary Physiology and Pathophysiology: An Integrated, Case-Based Approach, Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

WHO ( 2004 ) , http://www.who.int/en/

Yamabayashi, H., Takahashi, T., Tonomura, S., and Takahashi, H. (1970). "An analog model of the mechanical properties of lung and airways," In: Airway Dynamics: Physiology and Pharmacology, A. Bouhuys, (Eds.), Springfield, III. : Charles C. Thomas, 33-42.

Zaidi, H., and Tsui, B. M. W. (2009). "Review of computational anthropomorphic anatomical and physiological models," Proceedings of the IEEE, 97, 1938-1953.

林長熙 (1982). 呼吸系統生理學, 環球書社, 台北市.

吳襄、林坤偉 (1997). 生理學大綱, 藝軒圖書出版社, 台灣.

白易民 (2006). "生醫系統模擬之線上學習平台研製," 碩士論文, 逢

甲大學自動控制工程學系研究所

林嘉賢 (2007). "人體呼吸控制模擬器之人機介面整合," 碩士論文,

逢甲大學自動控制工程學系研究所

黃昱維 (2009). "人體呼吸控制模擬器之線上平台研製," 碩士論文,

逢甲大學自動控制工程學系研究所

蘇仲南 (2010). "教學用電腦模擬生理系統之建構," 碩士論文, 中央

大學電機工程學系研究所

施靜宜 (2014). "腦血流調控模擬器之人機介面研製," 碩士論文, 逢

甲大學自生醫資訊暨生醫工程碩士學位學程
指導教授 吳炤民 審核日期 2015-8-27
推文 facebook   plurk   twitter   funp   google   live   udn   HD   myshare   reddit   netvibes   friend   youpush   delicious   baidu   
網路書籤 Google bookmarks   del.icio.us   hemidemi   myshare   

若有論文相關問題,請聯絡國立中央大學圖書館推廣服務組 TEL:(03)422-7151轉57407,或E-mail聯絡  - 隱私權政策聲明