兩相冷卻系統之微蒸發器研究

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姓名

劉瑋輯(Wei-Chi Liu) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

機械工程學系

論文名稱

兩相冷卻系統之微蒸發器研究
(An Experimental Study of Micro Heat Exchangers in Two Phase Cooling System)

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摘要(中)

本研究利用單相熱交換器的微流道設計，與廠商合作開發出泵浦，將熱交換器配合泵浦修改，使其成為一體化設計的薄型水泵，製作出較薄的取熱端，成為小型冷卻系統。與市售的系統比較，本研究製作的水泵在性能不變的情形下，可降低系統重量83 %，減少單相冷卻系統的耗能66 %。
另進行兩相的研究，藉由可視化的觀察以及熱傳實驗，了解蒸發器內部的現象。直線流道與山型紋流道熱交換器，在兩相實驗中，壓降隨著乾度與流量的增加而增加，此現象符合傳統的兩相理論。
兩相熱傳研究方面，山型紋流道的熱傳係數隨著乾度與流量的增加而增加，直線流道則是相反，熱傳係數隨著乾度增加而減少。從可視化觀察中，山型紋流道在實驗中，因為表面張力的作用，使上下流道的夾角聚集液體，當乾度增加時，流道底面仍保有液體蒸發，流道不會乾涸。
直線流道觀察到乾涸現象，計算乾涸的時間與面積。在加熱量60 W時，53 %的時間流道內沒有液體，平均乾涸的面積有26 %。以乾涸面積與時間乘積為乾涸比例，發現乾涸比例與加熱量呈現線性關係。加熱量越高，乾涸的時間與面積均上升。
山型紋蒸發器不易乾涸且熱傳係數較高，同時所需的泵動力低於單相狀態，更適用於兩相冷卻系統。

摘要(英)

This study incorporated the author’s previously published micro heat exchanger, which size of channel is hundreds of micron. A newly designed micro pump was combined with micro-channel heat exchanger to develop a high-performance, mini size liquid cooling system. In comparing to commercial product, thin pump in this study reduced weight of system about 83 % and power consumption of that about 66 %.
Attributed to its high heat transfer coefficient, evaporating cooling involving the use of micro heat exchanger is considered a possible thermal management solution for cooling of high heat flux electronic devices. The desire to develop high-performance micro heat exchanger operating in the evaporation regime provides a major motivation for the present work. Flow boiling heat transfer in a micro heat exchanger with straight and chevron flow passages were tested in the present study. The boiling flow pattern was also observed for further understanding of the heat transfer mechanisms.
The test results show that the heat transfer coefficient increased with increasing flow rate in both chevron and straight flow passages micro heat exchangers. But the effect of heat flux on the heat transfer coefficient in the straight passages heat exchanger is in adverse to that in the chevron passages heat exchanger. The heat transfer coefficient increased with increasing heat flux in the chevron passages heat exchanger but decreased in the straight passages heat exchanger.
The flow visualization through transparent cover heat exchangers shows that partial dryout happened in the straight passages heat exchanger at the lowest heating rate condition. This caused a poor heat transfer area and significantly degraded the overall heat transfer performance. The partial dryout area ratio and time fraction increased with increasing heat flux and therefore the heat transfer coefficients decreased with increasing heating rate. For flow boiling in chevron passages heat exchanger, liquid film was dragged at the intersection corner between the upper and lower plate chevron passages by the surface tension force and supplement liquid flowed back into the heating surface from other chevron passages. No partial dryout was observed and therefore, the heat transfer performance test results followed the trend of conventional correlations. The chevron passages heat exchanger can be used in two phase cooling system.

關鍵字(中)

★ 小型冷卻系統
★ 微流道
★ 山型紋
★ 兩相蒸發器

關鍵字(英)

★ Mini-liquid cooling system
★ Micro heat exchanger
★ Flow boiling
★ Flow visualization
★ Chevron flow passage

論文目次

摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 IV
目錄 V
表目錄 VII
圖目錄 VIII
符號說明 X
第一章、前言 1
1.1研究背景 1
1.2研究目的 6
第二章、單相冷卻系統設計與測試結果 26
2.1單相系統實驗方法 26
2.2熱交換器比較結果 26
2.3一體式泵浦設計 28
2.4 單相冷卻系統測試結果 30
第三章、兩相蒸發器文獻回顧 41
3.1微熱交換器熱傳 41
3.2 兩相微流道蒸發熱傳 43
3.2.1 微流道蒸發熱傳 43
3.2.2 兩相流動現象 46
3.3 具有熱傳增強設計之微流道 48
第四章、兩相實驗系統與方法 65
4.1 微蒸發器設計 65
4.1.1 直線流道設計 65
4.1.2山型紋流道設計 65
4.2 微蒸發器製作 66
4.2.1 微蒸發器尺寸量測 66
4.2.2 微蒸發器接合 66
4.3熱傳實驗系統 67
4.3.1測試段 67
4.3.2測試系統 68
4.3.3實驗量測儀器與設備 68
4.4可視化實驗系統 69
4.4.1可視化測試段 70
4.4.2可視化測試系統 70
4.5實驗步驟 70
4.6數據換算 71
4.6.1加熱瓦數(q) 71
4.6.2乾度(x) 72
4.6.3 熱傳係數(hcs，W/m2 K) 72
第五章、蒸發器可視化與熱傳實驗結果與討論 86
5.1 山型紋微蒸發器之觀察結果 86
5.2直線流道微蒸發器之觀察結果 87
5.2.1流譜分析 87
5.2.2乾涸區域計算 89
5.2.3乾涸區域計算結果 89
5.3微蒸發器實驗結果 91
5.3.1 微蒸發器之壓降特性 91
5.3.2微蒸發器之熱傳特性 92
5.4實驗結果討論 93
第六章、結論 112
參考文獻 113
附錄、實驗誤差分析 119

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指導教授

楊建裕(Yang, Chien-Yuh)

審核日期

2015-8-17

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