以數值模擬分析狹縫型虛擬衝擊器之效能

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張博凱(Po-Kai Chang) 查詢紙本館藏

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環境工程研究所

論文名稱

以數值模擬分析狹縫型虛擬衝擊器之效能
(A CFD Study of Effects of Flow and Geometrical Parameters on Slit Virtual Impactor Performance)

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摘要(中)

本研究利用數值模擬軟體COMSOL Multiphysics分析現有的虛擬衝擊器，在不同流量與不同構形下的濃縮效能。不同流量的影響分為進氣流量的影響與次要流比的影響，不同構形的影響分為漸縮區與收集口管壁影響。由模擬結果得知，進氣流量與截取粒徑呈反比，當進氣流量為13 LPM時，截取粒徑為1.4 μm；當進氣流量為400 LPM時，截取粒徑為0.2 μm，而無論進氣流量大小，Stk50^0.5皆為0.8，可達到的最高濃縮倍率也都為9.5倍。另外，由於漸縮區的關係，會使微粒具有橫向慣性，造成約在Stk50^0.5為1.9時，微粒會發生交錯現象，並沉積在收集口管壁，因此大粒徑的濃縮倍率會下降。在不同的進氣流量下，無論是截取粒徑，或最高濃縮倍率可濃縮的粒徑範圍皆可用史托克數預測。次要流比同樣也與截取粒徑呈反比，次要流比為0.05時，截取粒徑為0.63 μm；次要流比為0.4時，截取粒徑為0.21 μm。由於濃縮倍率與次要流比呈反比，因此在次要流比為0.05與0.4時，可達到的最高濃縮倍率分別為18.0與2.5倍。由於原始的史托克數公式，無法用來預測不同次要流比的截取粒徑，因此本研究提出新的史托克數公式，其在公式中，加入次要流比r的影響，藉此用來預測不同次要流比下的截取粒徑，並且也經由實驗數據證明的此公式的可行性。在構形的影響的部分，將漸縮區由斜面漸縮改為弧口漸縮後，其降低橫向的慣性，延緩微粒交錯現象，但截取粒徑與截取粒徑的損失卻會增加，而將收集口管壁改為漸擴構形時，可在截取粒徑不變的情況下，降低截取粒徑與大微粒的損失，提高濃縮倍率。藉由以上四種流量與構形的分析，可依據虛擬衝擊器使用功能的不同，分析最佳的流量與構形組合。

摘要(英)

The virtual impactor was well known as it could avoid particle bounce and overloading typically encountered with inertial impactors. In this study, the flow field and particle trajectory in a slit type virtual impactor was simulated numerically by a commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software (COMSOL Multiphysics v.4.3b). Effects of flow and slit geometry, including the total flow (Qin), the ratio of minor to total flow (r), the taper slip nozzle (45⁰ chamfer lip and arc lip) and the collection probe configuration (straight and divergent), were investigated. The performance parameters for evaluating the performance were the collection efficiency (CE), the particle loss, the cutoff size (d50), and the concentrating factor (CF). The results show that the d50 is strongly depending on either Qin or r. For instance, the d50 could be reduced form 1.4 μm to 0.2 μm as Qin increased from 13 LPM to 400 LPM at r = 0.1. When Qin was fixed at 80 LPM, the d50 will decrease from 0.63 μm to 0.21 μm as minor flow ratio increasing from 0.05 to 0.4. In addition, a new modified Stokes number for virtual impactor to include the effect of r was proposed. It was further found the square root of this modified Stokes number was retained at about 0.9 under different Qin or r, which can be considered as the characteristic performance parameter for this slit type virtual impactor. On the other hand, the numerical simulation results show particle loss would increase when Stk^0.5 lager than 1.9 due to the particle crossing phenomenon. The particle crossing in acceleration nozzle caused particle deposit on collection probe and CF would decreased. In geometry analysis, the gradual curving lip could postpone particle crossing and decrease the internal loss of larger particles, but the particle loss near cutoff size was increased. Moreover, the divergent probe could decrease the particle loss near the d50 and collection probe. At last, the preliminary experimental tests were conducted to validate the numerical simulation results.

關鍵字(中)

★ 數值模擬
★ COMSOL
★ 狹縫型虛擬衝擊器
★ 史托克數

關鍵字(英)

★ CFD
★ COMSOL
★ Slit virtual impactor
★ Stokes number

論文目次

摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 IV
目錄 V
圖目錄 VIII
表目錄 XIII
符號說明 XIV
第一章緒論 1
1-1 研究緣起 1
1-2 研究動機 2
(a) 虛擬旋風器 (virtual cyclone) 2
(b) 虛擬衝擊器 (virtual impactor) 5
1-3 研究目的 11
第二章文獻回顧 12
2-1 結構設計 12
2-1-1 單圓孔虛擬衝擊器(Single Nozzle VI) 12
2-1-2 多圓孔虛擬衝擊器(Multi-Nozzle VI) 25
2-1-3 單狹縫虛擬衝擊器(Single Slit VI) 27
2-1-4 多狹縫虛擬衝擊器(Multi-Slit VI) 29
2-2 效能評估 30
2-2-1 操作流量對效能影響 31
2-2-2 結構設計參數對效能影響 31
第三章研究方法 34
3-1 研究架構 34
3-2 數值模擬 37
3-2-1 模擬系統 37
3-2-2 測試條件 46
3-2-3 數據處理 48
3-3 實驗測試 50
3-3-1 實驗系統 50
3-3-2 測試條件 50
3-3-3 數據處理 51
第四章結果與討論 52
4-1 數值模擬結果 52
4-1-1 模擬模組驗證 52
4-1-2 數值模擬流場與微粒軌跡 56
4-2 流量對虛擬衝擊器影響 62
4-2-1 總進氣流量影響 Q effect 62
4-2-2 次要流比影響 r effect 70
4-2-3 微粒交錯現象 Particle Crossing Phenomenon 81
4-3 構形對虛擬衝擊器影響 86
4-3-1 漸縮區構形 86
4-3-2 收集口構形 96
4-4 實驗測試結果 99
4-4-1 總進氣流量對虛擬衝擊器影響 Q effect (實驗) 99
4-4-2 次要流比對虛擬衝擊器影響 r effect (實驗) 103
4-4-3 實驗與數值模擬比較 106
第五章結論 112
5-1 模擬模組 112
5-2 流量影響 112
5-3 構形影響 114
5-4 實驗測試 115
5-5 應用 115
5-5-1 粒徑篩分器 115
5-5-2 濃縮器 116
參考文獻 117

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指導教授

蕭大智(Ta-Chih Hsiao)

審核日期

2015-10-22

推文