網路人格量表的發展

以作者查詢圖書館館藏

、以作者查詢臺灣博碩士

、以作者查詢全國書目

、勘誤回報

、線上人數：29

、訪客IP：3.141.41.187

姓名

周至宏(Chih-Hung Chou) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

資訊管理學系

論文名稱

網路人格量表的發展
(Toward a Measure and Analysis of E-personality)

相關論文

★ 製藥業的成本會計評估研究─ 一個ABC成本制度的應用	★ 一個保險業的資料採擷應用--業務員的薪酬制度分析
★ 農漁產品電子化交易中分類分級管理之研究	★ 應用類神經網路建構壽險核保決策支援之研究
★ 企業導入ERP之關鍵成功因素-個案研究	★ 體外診斷醫療器材滿足CE及GMP驗證要求之個案研
★ 企業資訊系統委外研究－以個案銀行為例	★ DRAM月平均價格變動分析
★ 定期航運產業運價及運送時間對經營績效影響之研究-以某外商海運公司在台灣經營為例	★ 以交通儲值卡作為電子支付工具的營運模式及可行性分析
★ 軟體公司能力成熟度評估	★ 加速台灣海關的通關便捷化－提升行動化服務的解決方案
★ 以均勻度係數為預測晶圓良率指標之可行性分析-以國內某DRAM廠為例	★ 某公司資訊部門變革失敗之探討
★ 資訊部門導入ITIL 管理機制之現況分析─ 以企業導入ITIL 服務支援為例	★ 導入WCO SAFE 優質企業之可行性分析–以A航空公司為例

檔案

[Endnote RIS 格式]

[Bibtex 格式]

[相關文章]

[文章引用]

[完整記錄]

[館藏目錄]

[檢視]

[下載]

本電子論文使用權限為同意立即開放。
已達開放權限電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的，進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。
請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定，切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送，以免觸法。

摘要(中)

社群網路的興起和通訊技術的發展為人類帶來革命性的變革，在現今互動連結時代的資訊社會裡，網路使用成為日常生活不可或缺的一部分，網路行為的重要性有凌駕社會行為之勢，受到各領域的重視。人格特質是心理學理論的發展基礎，被視為對認知與行為有絕對的影響，也是決定人類外顯行為的根本來源。目前學術界已有發展完備的人格量表，在各領域中擁有多元用途，但受到網路環境與特性的限制，所以將人格量表運用在網路環境中，其範圍與適用性會有所爭議，而針對網路世界裡的人格衡鑑的量表，目前仍然付之闕如。實際上，個體在網路上之的網路行為所反映出網路人格，有別於真實生活中的人格特質；而個體在網路上所顯現的行為時常有別於現實生活中的行為。因此，發展適合檢測網路人格的量表發展實屬必要，有助人類網路行為的預測及瞭解。
五大人格內容包括神經質、外向型、開放性、友善性以及嚴謹性，為目前學界最為廣泛使用於預測網路行為的人格量表，除五大人格之外，自戀人格和網路行為息息相關，也是現今網路時代為最受重視的人格特質之一。有鑑於此，本研究以五大人格量表和自戀人格量表為基礎，針對網路環境下個體的行為特徵，依據過去學者所建議的量表發展程序及相關文獻，發展網路人格量表，並驗證個體在網路上的人格特質，本研究蒐集台灣不同類型的大學生樣本，以完整版網路人格量表和簡表來檢測其適用性，本研究結果顯示，本網路人格量表信效度表現大致良好，可用於檢測網路人格。最後，本研究提出研究結果與建議，以作為實務需求及未來研究之基礎。

摘要(英)

Online behavior in information society has become an indispensable part of our daily life. Therefore, network behavior becomes an important issue in academic inquiry in recent years. Personality traits are regarded as important determinant of behavior, and different kind of personality scales have been applied for diverse purposes in different settings. But its utilization in Internet environment, for any prediction of network behavior, may have limits in scope and applicability due to the differences between real-life and the cyber world. This study argues that personality in the cyber world may differ from real-life, and propose to call it “E-personality.” As such, it is necessary to establish a measurement scale for “E-personality.”
Currently, well-validated personality scales exist for practical and academic use. Without well-developed e-personality measures, they have been employed in the internet settings. This study attempts to develop a measure for E-personality in the Internet environment. It is based on the Big Five personality and narcissistic personality scales. This study sampled university students from different types of universities in Taiwan as informants for scale validation, and analyze the reliability and validity of the E-personlaity scale (both full and short versions) through confirmatory factor analysis. Results show that the E-personlaity scale has sufficient reliability, validity and modle fit, and thus this study suggests that it is suitable for measuring E-personality.

關鍵字(中)

★ 網路人格
★ 量表發展
★ 因素分析
★ 信度
★ 效度

關鍵字(英)

★ E-Personality,
★ Scale Development
★ Factor Analysis
★ Reliability
★ Validity

論文目次

Content
中文摘要 i
Abstract ii
誌謝 iii
Content iv
Figures vi
Tables vii
1. Introduction 1
1.1 Research Background 1
1.2 Research Motivation 3
1.3 Research Objectives 4
2. Literature Review 6
2.1 Personality Theories 6
2.2 Personality and Human Behavior 22
2.3 Personality and Online Behavior 34
2.4 E-Personality 38
3. Research Method and Scale Development 42
3.1 Procedure of Scale Development 42
3.2 Operational Definition of E-Personality 44
3.3 Generation of Items of Scale 47
3.4 Pre-test and Scale Purification 48
4. Research Methodology 49
4.1 Data Collection 49
4.2 The Measure of E-Personality 49
4.3 Methods of Data Analysis 50
5. Data Analysis 52
5.1 Descriptive Statistics and Valid Samples 52
5.2 Facets of Five Personality Traits of E-Personality in Online Setting 54
5.3 Five Personality Traits of E-Personality 74
5.4 Narcissism Personality Trait of E-Personality 84
5.5 Criterion-Related Validity 88
6. Discussion 90
6.1 Five Personality Traits in Online Setting 90
6.2 Narcissism Personality Trait in Online Setting 92
7. Conclusion 94
7.1 Findings 94
7.2 Implications 96
7.3 Suggestions 98
7.4 Limitations 98
7.5 Future Works 99
References 100
Appendix 110

參考文獻

References
1. Aboujaoude, E. (2012). Virtually you: The dangerous powers of the e-personality. WW Norton & Company.
2. Allport, G. W. (1937). Personality. New York: Holt.
3. Allport, G. W. (1961). Pattern and growth in personality. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
4. Allport, G. W., & Odbert, H. S. (1936). Trait-names: A psycho-lexical study. Psychological monographs, 47(1), i.
5. Aluja, A., García, Ó., García, L. F., & Seisdedos, N. (2005). Invariance of the “NEO-PI-R” factor structure across exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Personality and Individual Differences, 38(8), 1879-1889.
6. Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179–211.
7. Ames, D. R., Rose, P., & Anderson, C. P. (2006). The NPI-16 as a short measure of narcissism. Journal of Research in Personality, 40(4), 440-450.
8. Atkinson, Hilgard, Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Fredrickson, B. L., Loftus, G. R., & Lutz, C. (2014). Introduction to psychology. Cengage Learning EMEA.
9. Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 16(1), 74-94.
10. Barrick, M. R., & Mount, M. K. (1991). The Big Five personality dimensions and job performance: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 44(1), 1-26.
11. Barrick, M. R., Stewart, G. L., & Piotrowski, M. (2002). Personality and job performance: test of the mediating effects of motivation among sales representatives. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(1), 43-51.
12. Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Prentice-Hall, Inc.
13. Bandura, A. (1989). Regulation of cognitive processes through perceived self-efficacy. Developmental psychology, 25(5), 729-735.
14. Barrett, P. (1986). Factor comparison: An examination of three methods. Personality and Individual Differences, 7(3), 327-340.
15. Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88(3), 588-606.
16. Bernoff, J., & Li, C. (2008). Groundswell: Winning in a world transformed by social technologies. Boston: Harvard Business School Publishing.
17. Bergman, S. M., Fearrington, M. E., Davenport, S. W., & Bergman, J. Z. (2011). Millennials, narcissism, and social networking: What narcissists do on social networking sites and why. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(5), 706-711.
18. Berman and Kesterson-Townes (2011). Digital Consumer Survey 2011. IBM Institute for Business Value. Retried from: http://public.dhe.ibm.com/common/ssi/ecm/en/gbf03032usen/GBF03032USEN.PDF accessed 3 Jun 2015
19. Block, J. (1995). A contrarian view of the five-factor approach to personality description. Psychological bulletin, 117(2), 187-215.
20. Brandtzæg, P. B., Lüders, M., & Skjetne, J. H. (2010). Too many Facebook “friends”? Content sharing and sociability versus the need for privacy in social network sites. Intl. Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 26(11-12), 1006-1030.
21. Brandtzæg, P. B. (2012). Social networking sites: Their users and social implications-A longitudinal study. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 17(4), 467-488.
22. Bruns, A. (2008). Blogs, Wikipedia, Second Life, and beyond: From production to produsage, 45. Peter Lang.
23. Buffardi, L. E., & Campbell, W. K. (2008). Narcissism and social networking web sites. Personality and social psychology bulletin, 34(10), 1303-1314.
24. Burger, J. M. (2010). Personality. (8th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing.
25. Campbell, W. K., Rudich, E. A., & Sedikides, C. (2002). Narcissism, self-esteem, and the positivity of self-views: Two portraits of self-love. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(3), 358-368.
26. Cattell, R. B. (1943). The description of personality: basic traits resolved into clusters. The journal of abnormal and social psychology, 38(4), 476.
27. Cattell, R. B. (1957). Personality and motivation structure and measurement. Yonkerson-Hudson, NY: World.
28. Carpenter, C. J. (2012). Narcissism on Facebook: Self-promotional and anti-social behavior. Personality and individual differences, 52(4), 482-486.
29. Chou, C. H., Lin, Y. W., & Farn, C. K. (2015). Towards a Measure of E-Personality-The case of Neuroticism Scale of Big Five Personality Inventory. Conference on Innovation and Management (IAM2015 Summer), Sapporo, Japan, July 14-17.
30. Churchill, G. A., Jr. (1979). A paradigm for developing better measures of marketing constructs. Journal of Marketing Research, 16(1), 64-73.
31. Cloninger, C. R. (1987). A systematic method for clinical description and classification of personality variants: a proposal. Archives of general psychiatry, 44(6), 573-588.
32. Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1976). Age differences in personality structure: A cluster analytic approach. Journal of gerontology, 31(5), 564-570.
33. Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Revised Neo Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Psychological Assesment Resources.
34. Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (2008). The revised neo personality inventory (neo-pi-r). The SAGE handbook of personality theory and assessment, 2, 179-198.
35. Cummings, J. N., Butler, B., & Kraut, R. (2002). The quality of online social relationships. Communications of the ACM, 45(7), 103-108.
36. De Guinea, A. O., & Markus, M. L. (2009). Why break the habit of a lifetime? Rethinking the roles of intention, habit, and emotion in continuing information technology use. MIS Quarterly, 33(3), 433-444.
37. Devaraj, S., Easley, R. F., & Crant, J. M. (2008). Research note-how does personality matter? Relating the five-factor model to technology acceptance and use. Information Systems Research, 19(1), 93-105.
38. DeVellis, R. F. (2012). Scale development: Theory and applications. (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
39. Dewey, R. (2007). Psychology: An Introduction. Wadsworth Publishing. Retrieved from: http://www.intropsych.com/ch11_personality/
40. Digman, J. M., & Takemoto-Chock, N. K. (1981). Factors in the natural language of personality: Re-analysis, comparison, and interpretation of six major studies. Multivariate behavioral research, 16(2), 149-170.
41. Egan, V., Deary, I., & Austin, E. (2000). The NEO-FFI: Emerging British norms and an item-level analysis suggest N, Aand C are more reliable than O and E. Personality and Individual differences, 29(5), 907-920.
42. Eysenck, H. J. (1947). Student selection by means of psychological tests-a critical survey. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 17(1), 20-39.
43. Eysenck, H. J. (1992). A reply to Costa and McCrae. P or A and C-the role of theory. Personality and Individual Differences, 13(8), 867-868.
44. Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
45. Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (2010). Predicting and changing behavior: The reasoned action approach. New York, NY: Psychology Press.
46. Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of marketing research, 18(1), 39-50.
47. Freud, S. (1923). Certain neurotic mechanisms in jealousy, paranoia and homosexuality. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 4, 1-10.
48. Freud, S. (1962). The ego and the id. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
49. Gackenbach, J. (2011). Psychology and the Internet: Intrapersonal, interpersonal, and transpersonal implications. (2nd ed.). Academic Press.
50. Galton, F. (1884). Anthropometric laboratory. William Clowes.
51. Gordon, L. V. (1993). The Gordon Personal Profile-Inventory (GPP-I) Global Edition. London, England: The NFER-NELSON Publishing Company.
52. Gough, H.G. (1987) California Psychological Inventory Administrator′s Guide. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press, Inc.
53. Gough, H. G., & Bradley, P. (1996). California personality inventory manual. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists.
54. Gosling, S. D., Augustine, A. A., Vazire, S., Holtzman, N., & Gaddis, S. (2011). Manifestations of personality in online social networks: Self-reported Facebook-related behaviors and observable profile information. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 14(9), 483-488.
55. Govindarajan, V., & Kopalle, P. K. (2006). Disruptiveness of innovations: measurement and an assessment of reliability and validity. Strategic Management Journal, 27(2), 189-199.
56. Hair, J. F. J., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. C. (1998). Multivariate Data Analysis. NJ: Prentice-Hall.
57. Hathaway, S. R., & McKinley, J. C. (1940). A multiphasic personality schedule (Minnesota): I. Construction of the schedule. The Journal of Psychology, 10(2), 249-254.
58. Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural equation modeling: a multidisciplinary journal, 6(1), 1-55.
59. Joinson, A. N. (2003). Understanding the psychology of internet behaviour. Virtual worlds, real lives. Revista iberoamericana de educación a distancia, 6(2), 190.
60. Joinson, A. N. (2007). Disinhibition and the Internet. Psychology and the Internet: Intrapersonal, interpersonal, and transpersonal implications, 75-92.
61. Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1989). LISREL 7: A guide to the program and applications. Spss.
62. Judge, T. A., Bono, J. E., Ilies, R., & Gerhardt, M. W. (2002). Personality and leadership: a qualitative and quantitative review. Journal of applied psychology, 87(4), 765.
63. Jung, C. G. (1921). Psychological Types, Vol. 6, The collected works of C. G. Jung. Princeton University Press.
64. Katigbak, M. S., Church, A. T., & Akamine, T. X. (1996). Cross-cultural generalizability of personality dimensions: Relating indigenous and imported dimensions in two cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(1), 99-114.
65. Kiesler, S., Zubrow, D., Moses, A. M., & Geller, V. (1985). Affect in computer-mediated communication: An experiment in synchronous terminal-to-terminal discussion. Human-Computer Interaction, 1(1), 77-104.
66. Kim, E. J., Namkoong, K., Ku, T., & Kim, S. J. (2008). The relationship between online game addiction and aggression, self-control and narcissistic personality traits. European psychiatry, 23(3), 212-218.
67. Kenny, D. A. (1998). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: The Guilford Press.
68. Komarraju, M., Karau, S. J., Schmeck, R. R., & Avdic, A. (2011). The Big Five personality traits, learning styles, and academic achievement. Personality and Individual Differences, 51(4), 472-477.
69. Kowalski, R. M. (2008). Cyber bullying: recognizing and treating victim and aggressor. Psychiatric Times, 25(11), 45-47.
70. Kraut, R. E., Fussell, S. R., Brennan, S. E., & Siegel, J. (2002). Understanding effects of proximity on collaboration: Implications for technologies to support remote collaborative work. Distributed work, 137-162.
71. Lea, M., O′Shea, T., Fung, P., & Spears, R. (1992). ′Flaming′ in computer-mediated communication: Observations, explanations, implications. Harvester Wheatsheaf.
72. Marandi, E., Little, E., & Hughes, T. (2010). Innovation and the children of the revolution: Facebook and value co-creation. The Marketing Review, 10(2), 169-183.
73. McCrae, R. R. (1987). Creativity, divergent thinking, and openness to experience. Journal of personality and social psychology, 52(6), 1258.
74. McCrae, R. R., Costa, P. T., & Busch, C. M. (1986). Evaluating comprehensiveness in personality systems: The California Q‐Set and the five‐factor model. Journal of Personality, 54(2), 430-446.
75. McCrae, R. R., & Costa P. T., (2008). The Five-Factor Theory of personality. In O. P. John, R.W. Robins, and L.A. Pervin Eds., Handbook of personality: Theory and research. (3rd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.
76. McCrae, R. R., Costa, Jr, P. T., & Martin, T. A. (2005). The NEO–PI–3: A more readable revised NEO personality inventory. Journal of personality assessment, 84(3), 261-270.
77. McCrae, R. R., & Terracciano, A. (2005). Universal features of personality traits from the observer′s perspective: data from 50 cultures. Journal of personality and social psychology, 88(3), 547–561.
78. McCrae, R. R., Zonderman, A. B., Costa Jr, P. T., Bond, M. H., & Paunonen, S. V. (1996). Evaluating replicability of factors in the Revised NEO Personality Inventory: Confirmatory factor analysis versus Procrustes rotation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(3), 552-566.
79. McElroy, J. C., Hendrickson, A. R., Townsend, A. M., & DeMarie, S. M. (2007). Dispositional factors in internet use: personality versus cognitive style. MIS quarterly, 31(4), 809-820.
80. Millard, W. B. (1997). I flamed Freud: A case study in teletextual incendiarism. In: D. Porter (ed.) Internet culture, 145–159. New York: Routledge.
81. Moeller, S. J., Crocker, J., & Bushman, B. J. (2009). Creating hostility and conflict: Effects of entitlement and self-image goals. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45(2), 448-452.
82. Morf, C. C., & Rhodewalt, F. (2001). Unraveling the paradoxes of narcissism: A dynamic self-regulatory processing model. Psychological Inquiry, 12(4), 177-196.
83. Myers-Briggs, I., & Myers, P. B. (1995). Gifts differing: Understanding personality type. Davies-Black Publishing.
84. Netemeyer, R. G., Bearden, W. O., & Sharma, S. (2003). Scaling procedures: Issues and applications. Sage.
85. Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric Theory. NY: McGraw-Hill.
86. Ong, E. Y. L., Ang, R. P., Ho, J. C. M., Lim, J. C. Y., Goh, D. H., Lee, C. S., & Chua, A. Y. K. (2011). Narcissism, Extraversion and Adolescents’ Self-presentation on Facebook. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(2), 180–185.
87. Panek, E. T., Nardis, Y., & Konrath, S. (2013). Mirror or Megaphone: How relationships between narcissism and social networking site use differ on Facebook and Twitter. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(5), 2004-2012.
88. Parker, J. D., Bagby, R. M., & Summerfeldt, L. J. (1993). Confirmatory factor analysis of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory. Personality and Individual Differences, 15(4), 463-466.
89. Pearson, S. (1977). Measurement of computer user satisfaction. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Arizona State University, Tempe.
90. Piedmont, R. L. (1999). Does Spirituality Represent the Sixth Factor of Personality? Spiritual Transcendence and the Five‐Factor Model. Journal of personality, 67(6), 985-1013.
91. Piedmont, R. L., & Chae, J. H. (1997). Cross-cultural generalizability of the five-factor model of personality development and validation of the NEO PI-R for Koreans. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 28(2), 131-155.
92. Plomin, R., & Daniels, D. (1987). Why are children in the same family so different from one another? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 10(01), 1-16.
93. Raskin, R., & Hall, C. S. (1981). The narcissistic personality inventory: alternate form reliability and further evidence of construct validity. Journal of Personality Assessment, 45, 159-162.
94. Raskin, R., & Terry, H. (1988). A principal-components analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and further evidence of its construct validity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(5), 890-902.
95. Ramos, F., Astorga, C. M., & Manga, D. (2004). The Spanish norms of the NEO Five-Factor Inventory: New data and analyses for its improvement. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 4(3), 639-648.
96. Reidy, D. E., Zeichner, A., Foster, J. D., & Martinez, M. A. (2008). Effects of narcissistic entitlement and exploitativeness on human physical aggression.Personality and Individual Differences, 44(4), 865-875.
97. Schatz, A. (May 26, 2007). Bo, ur so gr8: how a young tech entrepreneur translated Barack Obama into the idiom of Facebook. Wall Street Journal. Retried from: http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB118011947223614895
98. Schecter, D. E. (1979). The loving and persecuting superego. Contemporary Psychoanalysis, 15(3), 361-379.
99. Silva, F., Avia, D., Sanz, J., Martínez-Arias, R., Graña, J., & Sánchez-Bernardos, L. (1994). The five factor model—I. Contributions to the structure of the NEO-PI. Personality and Individual Differences, 17(6), 741-753.
100. Scott, J. E. (1995). The measurement of information systems effectiveness: evaluating a measuring instrument. ACM SIGMIS Database, 26(1), 43-61.
101. Seidman, G. (2013). Self-presentation and belonging on Facebook: How personality influences social media use and motivations. Personality and Individual Differences, 54(3), 402-407.
102. Segars, A. H., & Grover, V. (1998). Strategic information systems planning success: an investigation of the construct and its measurement. MIS quarterly, 22 (2), 139-163.
103. Sethi, V., & King, W. R. (1994). Development of measures to assess the extent to which an information technology application provides competitive advantage. Management science, 40(12), 1601-1627.
104. Shen, T.Y. (2003). Validity of the Five-Factor Model of Personality in Predicting Sales Performance of Life Insurance Salespeople: Cross-cultural Inspection of the NEO-PI-R and Empirical Exploration of Interpersonal Traits. Ph.D. dissertation, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan.
105. Stolorow, R. D. (1975). Toward a functional definition of narcissism. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 56, 179-185.
106. Suler, J. (2004). The online disinhibition effect. Cyberpsychology & behavior, 7(3), 321-326.
107. Turkle, S. (1995). Life on the Screen. Identity in the Age of the Age of Internet. Touchstone, NY, NY, USA.
108. Turkle, S. (1996). Parallel lives: Working on identity in virtual space. Constructing the self in a mediated world, 156-175.
109. Twenge, J. M., & Campbell, W. K. (2009). The narcissism epidemic: Living in the age of entitlement. Simon and Schuster.
110. Vassend, O., & Skrondal, A. (1995). Factor analytic studies of the NEO Personality Inventory and the five-factor model: The problem of high structural complexity and conceptual indeterminacy. Personality and Individual Differences, 19(2), 135-147.
111. Wagner, B. (2011). The Arab Spring “I Have Understood You”: The Co-evolution of Expression and Control on the Internet, Television and Mobile Phones during the Jasmine Revolution in Tunisia. International Journal of Communication, 5(8), 1295-1302.
112. Wallace, P. (2001). The psychology of the Internet. Cambridge University Press.
113. Walther, J. B. (1996). Computer-mediated communication impersonal, interpersonal and hyperpersonal interaction. Communication research, 23(1), 3-43.
114. Westmoreland, L. (2009). Measuring Narcissism with Alternate Response Formats of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory. ProQuest.
115. Whang, L. S. M., Lee, S., & Chang, G. (2003). Internet over-users′ psychological profiles: A behavior sampling analysis on internet addiction. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 6(2), 143-150.
116. Yang, K. S., & Bond, M. H. (1990). Exploring implicit personality theories with indigenous or imported constructs: The Chinese case. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 1087-1095.
117. Young, K. S. (1996). Psychology of computer use: XL. Addictive use of the Internet: a case that breaks the stereotype. Psychological reports, 79(3), 899-902.
118. Young, K. S. (1998). Internet addiction: The emergence of a new clinical disorder. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 1(3), 237-244.
119. Zhao, S., Grasmuck, S., & Martin, J. (2008). Identity construction on Facebook: Digital empowerment in anchored relationships. Computers in human behavior, 24(5), 1816-1836.
120. Zmud, R. W. (1979). Individual differences and MIS success: A review of the empirical literature. Management science, 25(10), 966-979

指導教授

范錚強(C.K. Farn)

審核日期

2016-1-22

推文