累進式背擠製加工方式對A6061鋁合金材料性質之影響

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楊偉翔(Wei-Hsiang Yang) 查詢紙本館藏

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機械工程學系

論文名稱

累進式背擠製加工方式對A6061鋁合金材料性質之影響

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摘要(中)

本文採用由Fatemi-Varzaneh等人所提出的累進式背擠製法(Acumulative back extrusion, ABE)，於室溫中對6061鋁合金加工，藉由劇烈塑性變形(Severe plastic deformation, SPD)達到超細晶粒(Ultrafine-grained, UFG)材料。為探討經ABE擠製後材料性質，將透過實驗與模擬，搭配不同的加工方式(正循環、逆循環、胚料反置)，並配合硬度、微觀結構與有限元素的模擬分析。從有限元素模擬分析與實驗比較，結果獲得良好的一致性。不同的加工方法皆會影響材料的加工硬化與硬度均勻程度之變化。而本研究能夠生產出跟傳統ABE加工方式相比，均勻性更佳之材料，且可得到奈米等級、擁有高角度之晶界。

摘要(英)

The project used the method of Accumulative Back Extrusion (ABE) which was proposed by Fatemi-Varzaneh, the work used the AA6061 in the room temperature processing, then through the Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD) to reach the Ultrafine-Grained (UFG).In order to probe materials from ABE, through the experiments and simulations, we would use the different processing methods, for example, Positive Cycle, Reverse Cycle and Blank Molding Transposed, then combined with the hardness, micro structure and simulation analysis of Finite Element Method (FEM).
Comparing the simulation analysis and experiment result of FEM, it showed good agreement. As the result, we could find out that different methods would affect the material of process hardening and the uniformity of Hardness. In this project, it can have better uniformity of materials from traditional ABEed processing, then get the Nano-scale, high-angle grain boundary.

關鍵字(中)

★ 累進式背擠製
★ 超細晶粒

關鍵字(英)

論文目次

摘要 iv
Abstract v
致謝 vi
目錄 vii
表目錄 xii
圖目錄 xiii
第一章緒論 1
1.1前言 1
1.2文獻回顧 3
1.3研究目的與動機 8
第二章基本概要 9
2.1鋁合金簡介與分類 9
2.2鋁-鎂-矽三元合金相圖 12
2.3合金成分對於6061機械性質之影響[19] 13
2.4劇烈塑性變形(Severe plastic deformation, SPD) 14
2.5超細晶粒（Ultrafine Grain, UFG） 15
2.5.1超細晶粒材料之發展 15
2.5.2超細晶粒材料之特性 16
2.5.3超細晶粒材料之製造方法 17
2.6晶粒細化機制 18
2.6.1回復 18
2.6.2再結晶 22
2.6.3晶粒分割 26
2.7電子背向散射繞射(EBSD) 27
第三章實驗設備與方法介紹 30
3.1實驗設備 30
3.1.1 ABE模具介紹 30
3.2實驗方法 31
3.2.1實驗介紹 31
3.2.2試片材料 32
3.2.3潤滑條件 33
3.2.4熱處理 33
3.3實驗步驟 34
3.4實驗測量 35
3.4.1硬度測量 35
3.4.2硬度均勻性指標 36
3.4.3光學顯微鏡觀測(OM) 37
3.4.4電子背相散射繞射觀測(EBSD) 38
第四章實驗結果與討論 39
4.1 ABE模擬製程探討 39
4.1.1概要 39
4.1.2有限元素模擬之模型 39
4.1.3基本假設 40
4.1.4模擬材料設定 41
4.1.5模擬網格設定 41
4.1.6模擬摩擦係數設定 43
4.1.7模擬加工參數設定 43
4.1.8有限元素模擬分析 44
4.1.9應變均勻性指標 52
4.2 ABE試片之微硬度試驗 53
4.2.1概要 53
4.2.2模擬分析與硬度試驗之比較 53
4.2.3微硬度實驗分析 58
4.3 ABE製程之成形力探討 67
4.3.1概要 67
4.3.2不同加工方法下成形力比較 67
4.4電子背向式散射繞射(EBSD)之觀測 71
4.4.1概要 71
4.4.2 EBSD觀測位置選擇 72
4.4.3胚料經ABE製程後EBSD觀測結果 73
第五章結論與建議 77
5.1結論 77
參考文獻 78
附錄A 等效應變分佈圖 82
附錄B模具設計圖 85

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指導教授

葉維磬

審核日期

2016-8-29

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