高污染潛勢區水體多溴二苯醚化合物分布特性研究

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蔡清蘭(Ching-Lan Tsai) 查詢紙本館藏

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論文名稱

高污染潛勢區水體多溴二苯醚化合物分布特性研究
(Characteristics of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Water Bodies of High Pollution Potential)

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摘要(中)

多溴二苯醚屬於持久性有機污染物一種，具不易分解特性易在環境中蓄積，
其在環境水體基質中濃度相對較低，一旦進入水體，水就變成促進PBDEs 遷移
的另一個重要動力。其中隨水或者水中懸浮顆粒物的流動遷移到遠方，或者被水
生動植物的吸收和收集，並通過食物鏈進入人體，這個過程和食物鏈相關而顯得
非常重要。本研究參考環保署公告污染場址之地下水或相關污染潛勢區域地表水，
選擇採樣點，進行22 處地下水及10 處地表水PBDEs 化合物之採樣監測，分析
結果顯示地下水檢測濃度介於9.91 ~64,711 pg/L，其中以焚化廠周邊GW15 監測點最高( 64,711 pg/L)；地表水檢測濃度介於30.3~41,200 pg/L，其中以河川地表水SW05 監測點最高( 41,200 pg/L)；在PBDEs 24 項化合物同源物分布趨勢方面，不管是地下水或地表水PBDEs 物種分布特性均以Deca-PBDE（BDE-209）為主要優勢物種，且為最大貢獻來源，平均占地下水所有多溴二苯醚80%及地表水所有多溴二苯醚之88%；水體中固/液相濃度分布方面，水中多溴二苯醚污染物固相濃度皆大於液相，平均固相約占77％而液相約占23％；由於地下水中PBDEs 污染物濃度較低，建議未來可針對水中懸浮微粒較高或潛在高污染場址之水體進行研究，以評估並建立國內各環境介質之PBDEs 指紋資料庫。

摘要(英)

Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) are one kind of persistent organic pollutants. They are of relatively low concentration in polluted water because they are
not easy to break down but instead accumulate in groundwater and surface water.
However, water is an important carrier for the migration of PBDEs once they reach the water body. PBDEs flow along water or adhere to suspended particles and migrate in large distances. Some PBDEs might be consumed by marine organisms or plants andthen pass to human beings via the food chain. It is important to understand the concentrations and characteristics, of PBDEs in water bodies of Taiwan. 32 water samples including 22 groundwater and 10 surface water samples were collected at contaminated groundwater sites and potentially polluted water areas according to EPA’s
announcement. The PBDEs concentrations measured are between 9.91 and 64,711 pg/L for groundwater samples and GW15 sample collected from an incineration plant showed the highest concentration of 64,711 pg/L. For the surface water samples, PBDEs concentrations were within the range of 30.3-41,200 g/L and the SW05 monitoring point of the river water showed the highest PBDEs of 64,711 pg/L. Examination of
PBDE homolog distribution showed that Deca-PBDE (BDE-209) predominates in both groundwater and surface water samples. accounting for 80% of PBDEs in ground water
samples and 88% of PBDEs in surface water samples, Regarding the partitioning of PBDEs between solid and liquid phases in the water matrix, much higher distributions in solidphase is found in both ground water and surface water. In average, 77% of PBDEs exists in solids phase. Since groundwater has lower PBDEs, it suggests that future work should focus on the water sources with higher suspended particles or
potentially high pollution areas and applying the results obtained to establish the library
of PBDE fingerprints.

關鍵字(中)

★ 多溴二苯醚
★ 地下水
★ 地表水
★ 優勢物種
★ 固相
★ 液相

關鍵字(英)

★ Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether
★ Groundwater
★ Surface water
★ Dominant species
★ Solid phase
★ Dissolved phase

論文目次

摘要 ................................................................................................................................ I
Abstract .......................................................................................................................... II
誌謝 ............................................................................................................................. III
目錄 ............................................................................................................................... IV
圖目錄 ........................................................................................................................... VI
表目錄 ........................................................................................................................ VIII
第一章前言 ................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 研究緣起.......................................................................................................... 1
1.2 研究目的與範疇 ............................................................................................. 2
第二章文獻回顧........................................................................................................... 3
2.1 持久性有機污染物 ......................................................................................... 3
2.2 多溴二苯醚...................................................................................................... 5
2.2.1 多溴二苯醚之物化特性 ...................................................................... 6
2.2.2 多溴二苯醚之毒理效應 ...................................................................... 7
2.3 多溴二苯醚於環境中之流布 ......................................................................... 9
2.3.1 大氣....................................................................................................... 9
2.3.2 土壤及底泥 ........................................................................................ 10
2.3.3 植物與生物體 .................................................................................... 11
2.3.4 人體..................................................................................................... 11
2.4 多溴二苯醚於水體環境中之型態與流布 ................................................... 12
2.4.1 多溴二苯醚於水體環境中之型態 .................................................... 12
2.4.2 各國多溴二苯醚環境中水體監測值 ................................................ 13
2.4.3 國內多溴二苯醚環境中水體監測值 ................................................ 14
2.4.4 地下水中傳輸特性 ............................................................................ 18
2.5 國內外多溴二苯醚之管制策略 ................................................................... 19
第三章研究方法......................................................................................................... 24
3.1 研究流程........................................................................................................ 24
3.2 採樣地點規劃 ............................................................................................... 25
3.2.1 地下水採樣點規劃 ............................................................................ 25
3.2.2 地表水採樣點之規劃 ........................................................................ 25
3.3 樣品採集........................................................................................................ 29
3.3.1 採樣前置作業準備 ............................................................................ 29
3.3.2 地下水體樣品採樣方式 .................................................................... 31
3.3.3 水體樣品濃縮 .................................................................................... 32
3.4 實驗藥品、試劑、材料及設備 ................................................................... 35
3.4.1 實驗藥品............................................................................................. 35
3.4.2 實驗溶劑............................................................................................. 36
V
3.4.3 實驗材料............................................................................................. 36
3.4.4 實驗設備............................................................................................. 38
3.5 檢測方法........................................................................................................ 39
3.5.1 多溴二苯醚(PBDEs)標準品 .............................................................. 39
3.5.1 相對感應因子(Relative Response Factor, RRF) ............................... 41
3.6 高解析度氣相層析/高解析度質譜儀設定 .................................................. 43
3.6.1 高解析度氣相層析(HRGC) ............................................................... 43
3.6.2 高解析度氣質譜儀(HRMS) .............................................................. 43
3.6.3 監測離子及質荷比設定 .................................................................... 43
3.7 準確度與精密度評估 ................................................................................... 47
3.8 方法之偵測極限評估 ................................................................................... 47
3.9 真實樣品分析 ............................................................................................... 48
3.9.1 多溴二苯醚淨化分析程序 ................................................................ 48
3.9.2 樣品預處理化 .................................................................................... 48
3.9.3 全自動索氏萃取 ................................................................................ 49
3.9.4 酸性矽膠管柱淨化 ............................................................................ 50
3.9.5 CAPE 活性碳管柱淨化 ..................................................................... 51
3.9.6 高解析氣相層析譜儀上機 ................................................................ 52
3.10 品保品管...................................................................................................... 53
3.10.1 內標準品回收百分率 ...................................................................... 53
3.10.2 空白基質添加待測物標準品回收率 .............................................. 53
第四章結果與討論..................................................................................................... 54
4.1 水體中多溴二苯醚空白樣品（Blank sample）控制 ................................. 54
4.2 地下水體樣品採樣與分析結果 ................................................................... 59
4.2.1 地下水樣品檢測結果 ........................................................................ 59
4.2.2 地下水物種分布特性 ........................................................................ 59
4.3 地表水採樣與分析結果 ............................................................................... 65
4.3.1 地表水分析結果 ................................................................................ 65
4.3.2 地表水物種分布特性 ........................................................................ 68
4.4 PBDEs 於固液相中之分布 .......................................................................... 72
4.4.1 PBDEs 在固相與液相濃度趨勢 ......................................................... 72
4.4.2 PBDEs 在固相與液相物種分布特性 ................................................. 72
第五章結論與建議..................................................................................................... 77
5.1 結論 ................................................................................................................ 77
5.2 建議 ................................................................................................................ 78
參考文獻 ....................................................................................................................... 79
附錄地下水及地表水多溴二苯醚同位素回收率彙整表.............................. 88

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指導教授

張木彬(Moon-Been Chang)

審核日期

2016-7-21

推文