博碩士論文 102521104 詳細資訊




以作者查詢圖書館館藏 以作者查詢臺灣博碩士 以作者查詢全國書目 勘誤回報 、線上人數:70 、訪客IP:35.170.64.185
姓名 呂冠學(KUAN-HSUEH LU)  查詢紙本館藏   畢業系所 電機工程學系
論文名稱 微波及毫米波倍頻器、多相位高功率高效率壓控振盪器及鎖相迴路之研製
(Design of Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Frequency Multiplier, Multi-Phase High Power High Efficiency Voltage-controlled Oscillator and Phase-locked Loop)
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摘要(中) 本論文主要提出微波及毫米波訊號源關鍵電路,內容包含二個K頻段的頻率倍頻器、一個X頻段的四相位壓控振盪器及一個X頻段的鎖相迴路。
第二章使用穩懋0.15 μm砷化鎵之增強式應變式異質接面高遷移率電晶體製程及轉導增強式(Gm-boosted)技術在K頻段倍頻器(K-band frequency doubler)之研製。電路架構分成差動輸入(differential input)及單端輸入(single-end input)兩部分介紹,轉導增強式技術是利用增強輸入端的電壓擺幅,以減少輸入端的驅動功率,提昇整體轉換增益。第一部分介紹單端輸入共源級轉導增強式倍頻器,在量測輸入0 dBm時,可達到0.9 dB的轉換增益,3 dB輸出頻寬範圍為37到43 GHz,3 dB頻寬比為15%。在38 GHz輸出頻率時,量測輸出飽和功率等於0 dBm,晶片面積為0.9×0.8 mm2。第二部分介紹差動輸入共閘級轉導增強式倍頻器,同時使用被動式電容交叉耦合技術,主動式共閘級轉導增強式為增益提昇的主要來源 ,而被動式電容交叉耦合在不額外增加直流功耗下,額外提昇本身轉導級的增益,詳細的設計流程在此呈現,包含比較共源級及共閘級轉導提昇的頻寬及設計考量。在量測差動輸入7 dBm達到3.3 dB的轉換增益及27.8%的3 dB頻寬比(3 dB頻寬範圍為31到41 GHz),在38 GHz輸出頻率時,量測輸出飽和功率等於7 dBm,晶片面積為1.2×0.8 mm2。
第三章提出應用在X頻段的低相位雜訊高功率高效率四相位疊接迴路型壓控振盪器,使用台積電0.18 μm互補式金屬氧化物半導體製程設計實現。電路利用交叉耦合(cross-coupled)將兩個共源共閘(cascode)疊接迴路型振盪器接成差動壓控振盪器,並利用背閘極將兩個差動壓控振盪器進行四相位耦合。其中,背閘極耦合技術減少額外的直流消耗及降低相位雜訊,詳細的設計流程、四相位分析和相位雜訊計算也在此呈現。量測輸出功率和直流轉換效率分別為10 dBm和11.2%,振盪頻率為9.3到9.5GHz,相位誤差和振幅誤差為0.26˚及0.2 dB,因為使用具有高品質因子(quality factor)的T型阻抗匹配網路,所以大幅降低振盪器的相位雜訊,量測相位雜訊在1 MHz頻率偏移時可優於-125 dBc/Hz,晶片面積為1.3×1.28 mm2。
第四章將論文所提出X頻段四相位壓控振盪器整合至鎖相迴路(PLL)系統中, 鎖相迴路包含四相位壓控振盪器、相位頻率偵測器、電荷幫浦、迴路濾波器、兩級電流模式除頻器及四級單相位時序除頻器。電路是使用台積電0.18 μm互補式金屬氧化物半導體製程設計並實現,總除數為64,頻率範圍為9.28至9.32 GHz。 藉由低抖動(jitter)的參考頻率及低雜訊的四相位壓控振盪器結合至鎖相迴路中,使鎖相迴路具有穩定及低相位雜訊的特性。量測相位雜訊在1 MHz頻率偏移時為-108.7 dBc/Hz,量測方均根值(rms)抖動(jitter)為466 fs,量測雜訊抑制(spur suppression)小於-80 dBc,此電路晶片面積為1.5×1.6 mm2。最後,在第五章總結此研究成果。
摘要(英) In this thesis, several key components of microwave and millimeter-wave signal sources are presented, including two K-band frequency doublers, an X-band quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator and an X-band phase locked-loop (PLL).
In Chapter 2, the two K-band frequency doublers using Gm-boosted technique in WIN 0.15-μm GaAs E-mode pHEMT are introduced. The circuit design consists of a differential input frequency doubler and a single-end input frequency doubler. When the Gm-boosted technique is employed in the frequency doubler designs, the input driving power decreases and the conversion gain enhances because of the boosted input voltage swing. The proposed single-end input frequency doubler exhibits a conversion gain of 0.9 dB when input power is 0 dBm, a fractional bandwidth of 15% and a fractional bandwidth range from 37 to 43 GHz. The maximum saturated output power (Psat) is 0 dBm at 38-GHz output frequency. Meanwhile, the capacitive cross-coupling technique is also adapted for the differential input frequency doubler. The common-gate (CG) Gm-boosted stage provides gain dominantly and the cross-coupling capacitor further boosts the gain of the doubly Gm-boosted stage without adding additional dc power consumption. The detail design procedure is also presented. The comparisons of the bandwidth using Gm-boosted technique between a common-source (CS) Gm-boosted stage and a CG Gm-boosted stage are addressed. The proposed differential input Gm-boosted stage frequency doubler exhibits a conversion gain of 3.3 dB when input power is 7 dBm, a fractional bandwidth of 27.8% and the fractional bandwidth range from 31 to 41 GHz. The maximum output Psat is 7 dBm at 38-GHz output frequency.
In Chapter 3, the X-band low phase noise high power high efficiency quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator (QVCO) using TSMC 0.18-μm CMOS is proposed. Two cascade oscillators are combined using cross-coupled technique. Meanwhile, the coupling between the two differential VCOs is designed using a back-gate coupling topology for the QVCO. DC power and phase noise can be reduced due to the back-gate coupling topology. The detail design procedure, quadrature analysis and phase noise calculation are addressed. The proposed high power high efficiency QVCO exhibits an output power of 10 dBm and a dc-to-RF conversion efficiency of 11.2%. The measured tuning range is 200 MHz (from 9.3 GHz to 9.5 GHz). The measured phase error is 0.26˚ and amplitude error is 0.2 dB. The phase noise is reduced due to using TEE matching network experiencing high quality factor. The measured phase noise is -125 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset. The chip size is 1.3×1.28 mm2.
In Chaptor 4, the proposed QVCO merged with PLL is presented. The building blocks of the PLL include a QVCO, a phase-frequency detector, a charge pump, a loop filter and two-stage common-mode logic dividers and four-stage true single phase clocking dividers. The PLL is implemented using TSMC 0.18-μm CMOS process. The measured frequnecy is from 9.28 GHz to 9.32 GHz. The measured phase noise is -108.7 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset with an rms jitter of 466 fs. The measured spur suppression is lower than -80 dB. The chip size is 1.3×1.28 mm2.
Finally, the conclusion is given in Chaptor 5.
關鍵字(中) ★ 振盪器
★ 低相位雜訊
★ 倍頻器
★ 鎖相迴路
★ 四相位
★ 高功率
關鍵字(英) ★ Oscillator
★ Low phase noise
★ Doubler
★ Phase-locked loop
★ Quadrature
★ High power
論文目次 摘要 I
Abstract III
目錄 V
圖目錄 VIII
表目錄 XVI
第1章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機及背景 1
1.2 相關研究發展 1
1.3 貢獻 3
1.4 論文架構 4
第2章 使用主動轉導增強式架構之頻率倍頻器 5
2.1 簡介 5
2.1.1 倍頻器 5
2.1.2 pHEMT製程 6
2.2 轉導增強式架構介紹 6
2.3 單端輸入頻率倍頻器 10
2.3.1 電路設計流程 10
2.3.2 電晶體及偏壓選擇 11
2.3.3 穩定度考量 14
2.3.4 轉導增強式設計考量 21
2.3.5 電路實現 23
2.3.6 量測結果 25
2.4 差動輸入頻率倍頻器 31
2.4.1 電路設計流程 31
2.4.2 電晶體及偏壓選擇 32
2.4.3 轉導增強式設計考量 35
2.4.4 電路實現 39
2.4.5 量測結果 41
2.5 結論 46
第3章 高功率高效率四相位壓控振盪器 48
3.1 簡介 48
3.2 電路架構設計與分析 50
3.2.1 電路設計流程 50
3.2.2 設計流程I: 功率放大器 51
3.2.3 設計流程II: 單端輸出振盪器 52
3.2.4 設計流程III: 差動振盪器 56
3.2.5 設計流程IV: 四相位壓控振盪器 61
3.2.6 四相位耦合機制分析 63
3.2.7 電路佈局考量分析 68
3.3 電路實現 74
3.4 量測結果 76
3.4.1 四相位壓控振盪器量測結果 76
3.4.2 四相位壓控振盪器量測結果除錯 86
3.5 結論 91
第4章 具高功率高效率四相位輸出鎖相迴路 94
4.1 簡介 94
4.2 電路架構設計與分析 95
4.2.1 電路之基本架構 95
4.2.2 除頻器 96
4.2.3 相位頻率偵測器與電荷幫浦 100
4.2.4 迴路濾波器與穩定性分析[68] 103
4.2.5 整合鎖相迴路系統模擬與分析 107
4.3 電路實現 111
4.4 量測結果 114
4.4.1 鎖相迴路量測結果 114
4.4.2 鎖相迴路量測結果除錯 125
4.5 結論 125
第5章 總結 127
參考文獻 129
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指導教授 張鴻埜(Hong-Yeh Chang) 審核日期 2016-10-19
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