Fungi on banana in northern Taiwan

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姓名

陳俊滈(Chun-Hao Chen) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

生命科學系

論文名稱

(Fungi on banana in northern Taiwan)

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摘要(中)

香蕉是台灣非常重要的農作物，也是台灣外銷到日本中的水果之一。由Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense 所引起的香蕉黃葉病，開啟台灣對香蕉真菌研究的重要性。所以，本研究在台北，桃園，苗栗和宜蘭以隨機採集的方式收集樣品，調查並鑑定北台灣香蕉上真菌種類，同時描述及繪製記錄包括台灣新的紀錄及其他種類。並利用真菌形態學及DNA分子技術鑑定菌種；亦即比較培養於玉米瓊酯培養基及自然基質下，真菌形態的異同，同時利用Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 和Large subunit (LSU) rDNA分子序列分析輔以鑑定真菌種類。此研究採集及鑑定的香蕉上真菌有22種，分別是: Acrodotium crateriforme, Acremonium furcatum, Acremonium sp. 1, Acremonium sp. 2, Alternaria sp., Cordana musae, Colletotrichum musae, Chaetothyrina musarum, Fusarium sp., Metulocladosporiella musicola, Musicillium theobromae, Phoma sp., Phyllosticta sp., Plectosphaerella sp., Pseudocercospora sp., Pyricularia angulata, Ramichloridium biverticillatum, Ramichloridium ducassei, Uwebraunia musae, Verticillum insectorum, Zasmidium sp. 及Gen nov. sp. nov.。其中有四個是台灣新的紀錄及兩個新的種類。

摘要(英)

Bananas are very important crops in Taiwan and are also exported to Japan. The spread of Fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense shows the importance of basic research of fungi associated with bananas in Taiwan. We randomly collected samples from Taipei, Taoyuan, Miaoli and Yilan. Molecular analyses were used to determine the fungal species on bananas leaves. The morphology of the species on natural substrata was compared with that in culture. In the DNA analysis, Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) for at least 97% identities of Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) rDNA were used for species identification as well as phylogenetic analyses. 22 fungi on banana were collected, including Acrodotium crateriforme, Acremonium furcatum, Acremonium sp. 1, Acremonium sp. 2, Alternaria sp., Cordana musae, Colletotrichum musae, Chaetothyrina musarum, Fusarium sp., Metulocladosporiella musicola, Musicillium theobromae, Phoma sp., Phyllosticta sp., Plectosphaerella sp., Pseudocercospora sp., Pyricularia angulata, Ramichloridium biverticillatum, Ramichloridium ducassei, Uwebraunia musae, Verticillum insectorum, Zasmidium sp. and an undescribed species. Four specise, Chaetothyrina musarum, Metulocladosporiella musicola, Pyricularia angulata, and Uwebraunia musae are new records for Taiwan. Besides, one new genus and species and one new Zasmidium species are new taxa of the world.

關鍵字(中)

★ 香蕉
★ 真菌

關鍵字(英)

論文目次

目錄
中文摘要 i
Abstract ii
誌謝 iii
圖目錄 vi
表目錄 vii
List of abbreviations viii
1. Introduction 1
1-1 Banana’s origin and distribution 1
1-2 The importance of bananas in the world 2
1-3 Varieties and history of banana in Taiwan 2
1-4 Studies of fungi on banana leaf in Taiwan 3
1-5 Aim of this study 4
2. Material and methods 5
2-1 Specimen collection and preservation 5
2-2 Light- microscopy 5
2-3 Isolation of fungi 6
2-4 Medium 6
2-5 Strains and growth condition 6
2-6 DNA isolation 6
2-6 -1 Tissue Dissociation 7
2-6-2 Lysis 7
2-6-3 DNA binding 8
2-6-4 Wash 8
2-6-5 DNA Elution 9
2-7 PCR 9
2-7-1 Agarose gel electrophoresis 11
2-7-4 DNA sequencing 11
2-8 Molecular identification 11
2-9 Preparation of material for scanning electron microscopy 12
2-9-1 Fixation 12
2-9-2 Dehydration 12
2-9-3 Critical point drying 13
2-9-4 Specimen mounting and gold coating 13
3. Results 14
3.1 Result analysis 14
3-9 Musicillium theobromae 28
3-10 Phyllosticta sp(p). 30
3-11 Plectosphaerella sp. 32
3-12 Pseudocercospora sp. 34
3-13 Pyricularia angulata 36
3-14 Pyriculariopsis parasitica 38
3-15 Ramichloridium biverticillatum 40
3-16 Ramichloridium ducassei 42
3-17 Uwebraunia musae 423
3-19 Zasmidium sp. 47
3-20 Gen. nov. sp. nov. 49
4. Discussion 51
5. References 53
6. Appendixes 89
?
圖目錄
Fig. 1. Acrodontium crateriforme. 59
Fig. 2. Acremonium sp. grown in nature . 60
Fig. 3. Acremonium sp. grown in culture . 61
Fig. 3-1. Acremonium sp. grown in nature . 62
Fig. 4. Alternaria sp. grown in culture, conidiogenous cell and conidia . 63
Fig. 5. Colletotrichum musae in culture . 64
Fig. 6. Chaetothyrina musarum grown in nature . 65
Fig. 7. Metulocladosporiella musicola grown in nature. 66
Fig. 7-1. Phylogenetic tree derived from Maximum Likelihood analysis of the ITS rDNA sequences of species of Metulocladosporiella musicola . 67
Fig. 8. Musicillium theobromae. 68
Fig. 8-1. Musicillium theobromae grown in culture. 69
Fig. 9. Phyllosticta sp. grown in nature 70
Fig. 10. Plectosphaerella sp. grown in culture . 71
Fig. 10-1. Phylogenetic tree derived from Maximum Likelihood analysis of the ITS rDNA sequences of species of Plectosphaerella sp. .. 72
Fig. 11. Pseudocercospora sp. grown in nature . 73
Fig. 12. Pyricularia angulata grown in nature . 74
Fig. 13. Pyriculariopsis parasitica grown in nature 75
Fig. 14. Ramichloridium biverticillatum grown in nature 76
Fig. 15. Uwebraunia musae grown in nature . 77
Fig. 16. Zasmidium sp. 78
Fig. 16-1. Zasmidium sp. 79
Fig. 16-2. Phylogenetic tree derived from Maximum Likelihood analysis of the ITS rDNA sequence of species of Zasmidium sp. and related genera. 80
Fig. 17. Gen nov. sp. nov. 81
Fig. 17-1. Phylogenetic tree derived from Maximum Likelihood analysis of the LSU rDNA sequences of gen nov. sp. nov. . 82
Fig. 17-2. Gen nov. sp. nov. seen with scanning electron microscopy . 83

?
表目錄
Table. 1 Six main commercial varieties of bananas bred in Taiwan (TBRI, 2016). 84
Table. 2 All collected fungal species on Musa sp. in northern Taiwan. 85

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指導教授

羅南德(Roland Kirschner)

審核日期

2017-1-23

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