低鹼性膠結材應用於放射性廢棄物最終處置場封塞混凝土之研究

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姓名

胡家銘(Chia-Ming Hu) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

土木工程學系

論文名稱

低鹼性膠結材應用於放射性廢棄物最終處置場封塞混凝土之研究

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摘要(中)

放射性廢棄物處置場混凝土涵蓋範圍很廣，在水泥材料的使用非常重要，當地下水滲透到處置坑道封塞之混凝土時，普通卜特蘭水泥會釋放高鹼性之孔隙溶液其pH值約在12~13，孔隙水滲出後遭遇緩衝材料，將使緩衝材料中具回脹能力的主要成分蒙脫石溶解，蒙脫石溶解速率隨pH提高而漸增。因此使用低鹼性膠結材經由卜作嵐反應消耗水泥水化產生之氫氧化鈣(CH)，藉以降低pH值，以確保緩衝材料之安全功能。
本研究以低鹼性膠結材矽灰及飛灰取代部分水泥進行膠結漿體、砂漿及混凝土等相同膠結配比之微觀特性、工程性質及耐久性等試驗，並藉由文獻回顧找出水泥混凝土pH值的標準檢測方法，建立實驗室中檢測水泥混凝土pH值的標準方法與能力，同時也探討使用不同礦物摻料矽灰及飛灰取代水泥，對降低水泥漿體孔隙溶液pH值之成效。
結果顯示，在水泥中加入卜作嵐材料透過低鹼性膠結材的摻配，會進行卜作嵐反應消耗氫氧化鈣，並形成C-S-H膠體將有效降低孔隙溶液pH值。水泥混凝土的pH值量測方法選用移地進出法(ESL)，經由不同環境檢測後，顯示ESL法具有穩定性及重複性。本研究發現要達到低鹼性封塞混凝土性質的要求，需藉由調整膠結性材料的用量，當矽灰取代量達到40 %以上時，砂漿及混凝土試體在90天齡期的pH值可降至11以下，且抗壓強度亦可符合封塞混凝土的要求。耐久性方面，矽灰取代水泥重量越多時，抵抗氯離子穿透能力越佳。但矽灰比表面積極大，容易吸水，加入過多矽灰對工作性影響甚大，需添加少量強塑劑以改善其新拌性質。另一方面，因矽灰之材料成本較高，如以飛灰取代部分水泥可降低成本並改善工作性，因此在工程性質及經濟性考量下，以矽灰及飛灰分別取代水泥重量達35%及20%的膠結材料配比，可達到低鹼性混凝土封塞的品質需求。

摘要(英)

Due to the wide range of concrete in radioactive waste disposal sites, the use of cement materials is very important, especially when the groundwater penetrates into the concrete. The Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) releases the pore fluids of the pH 12-13. In the high pH environment, the pore water leakage after the encounter buffer material, it will make the buffer material with the expansion of the main components of montmorillonite dissolution rate which increases the pH. Therefore, the use of low-alkali cement material after the pozzolanic reaction, the consumption of calcium hydroxide solution (CH), will reduce the pH value that ensure the buffer material are safety.
In this study, the micro-characteristics, engineering properties and durability of the same cementing ratio of cement paste, mortar and concrete were replaced by low pH cement silica and fly ash. According to the references, the measurement of pH method are found that Ex-Situ leaching method is established for laboratory testing whichis easily and capabilities. To explore the use of different mineral admixture of silica fume and fly ash replace of cement, it will reduce the pore fluids of the pH value effectively.
The results show that the addition of Pozzolan material to the cement can reduce the pH value of the pore solution by adding silica fume. To achieve the requirements of the concrete plug sealing, it needs to control the amount of cementitious materials, when 40% silica fume replace of cement, the pH of mortar and concrete samples in the 90-day is lower than 11. Because of the silica fume is more expensive than fly ash and when the more silica fume is added, the workability is in bad condition, it needs add some plasticizer to improve the workability. Therefore, the silica fume and fly ash were replaced by cement weight 35 % and 20% respectively, it can achieve the requirements of quality of low pH concrete plug sealing.

關鍵字(中)

★ 卜作嵐反應
★ pH值
★ 氫氧化鈣
★ 低鹼性膠結材
★ 耐久性

關鍵字(英)

★ Pozzolanic reaction
★ Low-pH cementitious materials
★ Portlandie

論文目次

第一章緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究目的 1
1.3 研究內容 2
1.4 名詞定義 3
第二章文獻回顧 5
2.1 低鹼性水泥 5
2.1.1 低鹼性水泥簡介 5
2.1.2 低鹼性水泥之特性 6
2.1.3 低鹼性水泥成分與pH值之關係 7
2.1.4 低鹼性水泥鈣矽比與pH值之關係 8
2.1.5 低鹼性水泥漿體之微觀特性 10
2.1.6 低鹼性水泥研究概況及應用情形 14
2.2 低鹼性膠結材料之pH值量測方法 17
2.2.1 新拌混凝土pH量測方法 18
2.2.2 硬固混凝土pH量測方法 19
2.2.3 實驗室常用孔隙溶液pH量測方法比較 22
2.3 放射性廢棄物處置場之低鹼性混凝土配比 29
2.3.1 封塞用低鹼性混凝土 30
2.3.2 封填用低鹼性混凝土 39
2.3.3 膠結材之耐久性 41
2.4 卜作嵐材料種類及特性 47
2.4.1 卜作嵐材料 47
2.4.2 卜作嵐反應及特性 47
2.4.3 卜作嵐材料取代部分水泥之成效 48
2.4.4 矽灰的特性及應用 49
2.4.5 飛灰的特性及應用 50
2.4.6 水淬爐石粉的特性及應用 52
2.5 水泥種類及設計類型 54
2.5.1 卜特蘭水泥 (OPC) 54
2.5.2 鋁酸鈣水泥 (CAC) 56
2.5.3 硫鋁酸鈣水泥 56
2.5.4 磷酸鈣水泥 57
2.5.5 磷酸鎂水泥 57
2.6 混凝土之收縮變形 58
2.6.1 混凝土中的水 58
2.6.2 收縮變形機制 59
第三章實驗規劃 62
3.1 試驗構想及流程 62
3.2 試驗材料 68
3.3 試驗配比及編號 71
3.3.1 膠結漿體研究 71
3.3.2 砂漿性質研究 74
3.3.3 混凝土性質研究 75
3.4 試驗設備及儀器 76
3.5 試驗方法 89
第四章試驗結果與分析 94
4.1 膠結漿體pH值測定方法建立 94
4.2漿體性質分析 99
4.2.1 矽灰對水泥漿體性質影響(雙系統) 99
4.2.2 改變水膠比添加矽灰對pH值影響(雙系統) 105
4.2.3 矽灰及飛灰同時取代水泥對漿體性質影響(三系統) 107
4.3 砂漿性質分析 123
4.3.1 流度 123
4.3.2 pH值分析 136
4.3.3 抗壓強度試驗 138
4.3.4 乾燥收縮行為 140
4.3.5 自體收縮行為 142
4.3.6 抗硫酸鹽侵蝕 144
4.4 封塞用低鹼性混凝土性質 146
4.4.1 新拌性質分析 146
4.4.2 硬固性質分析 148
4.4.3 耐久性質分析 151
4.5 膠結漿體微觀分析 157
4.6 綜合討論 180
第五章結論與建議 183
5.1 結論 183
5.2 建議 184
參考文獻 185
附錄一 190
附錄二 192
附錄三 194

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指導教授

黃偉慶(Wei-Hsing Huang)

審核日期

2017-7-28

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