砂土層中通隧引致之地盤變位及其對既存基樁的影響

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郭家銘(Chia-Ming Kuo) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

土木工程學系

論文名稱

砂土層中通隧引致之地盤變位及其對既存基樁的影響
(Ground Deformations and Piles Reponses Due to Tunnelling in Sandy Ground)

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摘要(中)

都會區捷運系統，由於路權取得困難，有許多隧道緊鄰建物基礎或穿越建物基礎而過。位於軟弱土層中的隧道，由於盾尾間隙閉合將引起應力釋放，因而造成隧道周圍地盤變位。此種地盤變位包含垂直方向及水平方向的變位，會造成位於沉陷槽內之鄰近建物基礎的損害。因此，為了使工程師能提出有效且經濟的建物保護施工計畫，必須先行探討此種土壤移動對基礎的影響程度。
本研究利用離心模型試驗，探討於砂土層中進行隧道掘進導致之地盤變位，對鄰近隧道的既存基樁之影響。本研究分別 (1) 探討於自由場狀態下，位於砂質地盤中之單隧道開挖所引致之地盤變位。(2)探討單隧道開挖引致之地盤變位對鄰近基樁的影響程度，主要在釐清位於不同深徑比的隧道開挖案例中，距隧道中心不同距離處，基樁之樁身彎矩分佈型態、軸向力分佈型態及樁頭變位，進而對基樁之荷重傳遞行為能有所了解。
試驗結果顯示，於砂質地盤中進行隧道施工時，土壤漏失量大於3.5%之後，隧道隨即劇烈地產生大量的土壤漏失，亦即砂質地盤中隧道的破壞產生於一瞬間。另必須注意在土壤漏失量約為3.5%之前，鄰近隧道的基樁樁身之彎矩和軸向力隨即快速增加。

摘要(英)

Tunnels are driven nearby or underpass buildings as closely as possible due to the difficulty of land use in rapid transit system construction projects in urban areas. The stress relaxation due to the close of tail voids for tunnels in soft soils may cause the ground deformations around the tunnel. The ground deformations (including lateral and vertical soil movements) will damage nearby buildings and building protection measures must be properly taken during constructions. The load transfer mechanisms of the piles embedded in the movable soils are considerably complex and need to study in detail.
A series of centrifuge model tests have been performed to assess tunnelling-induced ground deformations in sandy ground and their effects on adjacent pile foundations. Two topics have been investigated in this study. First of all, the free-field ground deformations induced by tunneling in sandy ground have been measured. Secondly, the load transfer mechanism (such as bending moment, axial force and pile head deformation) of the piles has been analyzed in the different conditions, including the cover-to-depth ratios, and the distance of the pile and the tunnel.
When the measured ground loss induced by tunneling in sandy ground is greater than 3.5%, a large quantity ground loss will be caused violently. The result displays that the time of collapse in sandy tunnels will arise in the twinkling of an eye. In addition, when the ground loss is less than 3.5%, the bending moment and axial force of the nearby pile foundations have been occurred rapidly.

關鍵字(中)

★ 砂土
★ 隧道
★ 樁
★ 地表沉陷槽
★ 地底沉陷槽
★ 地盤變位
★ 土壤漏失

關鍵字(英)

★ Surface and subsurface settlement through
★ Piles
★ Tunnels
★ Sandy ground
★ Ground deformations
★ Ground loss

論文目次

目錄
中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
目錄…. III
表目錄 V
圖目錄 VI
照片目錄 XII
符號說明 XIII
第一章緒論 ……………………………………………......1
1-1 緣起 1
1-2 研究動機 2
1-3 研究架構 4
1-4 論文內容 5
第二章文獻回顧 7
2-1 軟地通隧引致之地盤沉陷 7
2-1-1 地盤沉陷之原因 7
2-1-2 地表沉陷分佈型態 9
2-1-3 最大地表沉陷量和土壤漏失量 13
2-1-4 地下土層之沉陷分佈型態及地盤變位 21
2-1-5 砂土層中之離心隧道模型試驗 25
2-2 側向土壤移動對樁基處的影響之相關研究 27
2-2-1 基樁承受側向土壓力之數值分析方法 28
2-2-2 基樁承受側向土壓力之模型試驗 32
2-4 軟地通隧對鄰近樁基礎的影響之相關研究 34
2-5 離心模型基本原理 37
2-5-1 離心模型之基本相似律 38
2-5-2 離心模型試驗之模型模擬 41
第三章試驗土樣、儀器設備及試驗方法 74
3-1 試驗土樣 74
3-2 試驗儀器及相關設備 74
3-2-1 地工離心機 74
3-2-2 模型試驗箱 75
3-2-3 移動式霣降機 76
3-2-4 其他量測工具 76
3-3 試體準備及模型製作 77
3-3-1 模型計測樁之製作及彎矩和軸向力校正 77
3-3-2 試體製作 79
3-3-3 位移標線計埋設、模型隧道及有色砂製作 80
3-4 試驗方法與步驟 81
第四章試體性質與彎矩分佈曲線迴歸分析方法……….104
4-1 石英細砂之內摩擦角 104
4-2 模型基樁之基本性質 106
4-3 樁身彎矩分佈曲線迴歸方法之選擇 107
4-3-1 三次多項式函數法 107
第五章試驗結果與分析 118
5-1 離心模型試驗類別 118
5-2 離心模型試驗重複性之驗證 120
5-3 砂土單隧道模擬試驗之結果與分析 122
5-3-1 隧道穩定性 123
5-3-2 地表沉陷槽 126
5-3-3 最大地表沉陷與隧道頂拱變形 127
5-3-4 土壤漏失量 130
5-3-5 沉陷槽寬度 132
5-3-6 隧道破壞型態與周圍地盤變位 133
5-4 通隧對鄰近基樁的影響試驗分析 136
5-4-1 樁身彎矩分佈 137
5-4-2 樁身軸向力分佈 142
5-4-3 樁頭變位 146
5-4-4 不同水平距離下之基樁力學反應 148
第六章結論與建議………………………………………..211
參考文獻 216
附錄A 最大及最小乾密度試驗 222
附錄B 直接剪力試驗 225

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指導教授

李崇正(Chung-Jung Lee)

審核日期

2002-7-16

推文