類Kiva系統之「Kiva分配於Pod」與「Pod停放位置分配」問題之探討

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黃靖華(Jing-Hua Huang) 查詢紙本館藏

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論文名稱

類Kiva系統之「Kiva分配於Pod」與「Pod停放位置分配」問題之探討

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摘要(中)

隨著網路技術的快速進步，人類日常生活越來越與網路習習相關，加上電腦設備的高度普及也推動了電子商務的發展，消費者透過電視或網路購物也愈來愈普遍。現代的市場需求逐漸轉變為少量、多樣與客製化，這也使得物流中心面臨多元的挑戰。近幾年來，由於互聯網的概念逐漸影響到各個企業中，也推動了工業4.0的新觀念。
美國亞馬遜新一代物流中心的 Kiva 系統顛覆了傳統物流中心的作業方式，在此系統中最重要的創新就是 Kiva機器人，Kiva 機器人會搬運貨架再運送至揀貨工作站讓揀貨人員揀取客戶所需之訂單，這突破了物流中心裡傳統以人去揀取貨物的揀貨方式，藉由貨到人的作業方式，不但節省了大量人力，也提高了速度、準確度和靈活性，因此提升了作業效率，使揀貨人員能以更快的速度完成訂單。
本研究是模擬在類似Kiva系統的作業環境下，探討Kiva機器人分配與Pod停放位置分配等問題，並搭配不同的補貨條件，應用模擬軟體分析結果並找出本研究所提出之法則在不同因子下的表現，期望透過 Kiva 系統的高彈性與即時掌握訊息的優勢能有效減少 Kiva 機器人所行走之路徑，讓整個系統達到最佳效能。

摘要(英)

As the rapid progress of Internet technology, human daily life is more close to Internet. In addition, the high popularity of computer equipment, it also promoted the development of e-commerce. Consumers purchase goods via TV channel and online store is becoming more general. The market demand gradually transformed into “a small, diverse and customization”, which also makes distribution center face multiple challenges. In recent years, since IoT gradually affect the enterprises, it brings a new concept-Industry 4.0.
Kiva System, the new generation of distribution center in Amazon, subverted the way of operation in traditional logistics center. The most important innovation in this system is Kiva Robot. They can carry and delivery the shelves to the picking stations that employees can pick up the products according to the order. Kiva System broke through the traditional way picked goods by picker. By goods to people, it not only saves lots of labor, but also improves the speed, accuracy and flexibility. Therefore, it enhances the efficiency of operation so that pickers can fulfill the order at faster speed.
In this paper, we simulate the problem of Kiva Robot allocation and Pod storage allocation with different replenishment conditions in an environment resembles Kiva System. The simulation software is used analyze the results and find out the performance of rules proposed by this study in different factors. We expect that the flexibility of the Kiva system and the advantage of receiving instant message will effectively reduce the path of the Kiva robot and achieve the best performance for the entire system.

關鍵字(中)

★ 物聯網
★ 工業4.0
★ 揀貨作業
★ Kiva系統

關鍵字(英)

論文目次

摘要 I
Abstract II
目錄 III
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 X
第一章緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 亞馬遜第八代物流中心 2
1.3 研究動機 3
1.4 研究目的 4
1.5 研究環境 5
1.6 研究方法說明 6
1.7 論文架構 7
第二章文獻探討 9
2.1 物流 9
2.1.1 物流之定義 11
2.1.2 物流中心之類型 12
2.1.3 倉庫與物流中心之作業 15
2.2 揀貨作業 18
2.2.1 揀貨作業方式 19
2.2.2 揀貨路徑策略 22
2.3 自動化物料搬運系統 28
2.3.1 無人搬運車系統 29
2.3.2 無人搬運車之派送相關研究 31
2.4 Kiva系統 34
2.4.1 Kiva系統介紹 35
2.4.2 Kiva 系統之人工智慧 39
2.4.3 Kiva系統之優點 41
2.4.4 Kiva系統之決策指派問題 43
第三章研究方法 46
3.1 符號及變數定義 46
3.2 Kiva 系統中揀貨工作站 WS(w) 之作業流程 47
3.3 Kiva 系統中 Pod(p) 之作業流程 50
3.4 研究方法整理 53
3.5 Kiva 分配於 Pod 之相關法則 53
3.5.1 隨機分配法則 54
3.5.2 與 Pod 距離最近之Kiva優先分配法則 54
3.5.3 閒置最久之 Kiva 優先分配法則 56
3.5.4 使用率最低之 Kiva 優先分配法則 58
3.5.5 剩餘電力最多之 Kiva 優先分配法則 59
3.6 Pod 暫存區位置指派法則 61
3.6.1 隨機指派位置法則 61
3.6.2 固定位置停放法則 62
3.6.3 與 Pod 目前位置距離最近的位置優先分配法則 62
3.6.4 與 Pod 原所在之揀貨工作站距離最近的位置優先分配法則 64
3.6.5 與揀貨工作站中心點距離最近的位置優先分配法則 66
3.6.6 與揀貨工作站（需求）重心點距離最近的位置優先分配法則 68
3.7 補貨條件 70
第四章模擬實驗與分析 71
4.1 前言 71
4.2 模擬實驗 71
4.2.1 環境設定 71
4.2.2 總實驗訂單張數 74
4.2.3 環境假設 74
4.2.4 實驗因子組合 75
4.3 績效評估準則 77
4.4 統計分析 78
4.4.1 依『訂單流程時間（Order Flow Time）』為績效評估值 79
4.4.1.1 主要效果項分析（訂單流程時間） 80
4.4.1.2 兩因子分析（訂單流程時間） 83
4.4.1.3 最佳因子組合分析（依Order Flow Time績效值） 90
4.4.2 依『總系統執行時間（TST）』為績效評估值 91
4.4.2.1 主要效果項分析（總系統執行時間） 92
4.4.2.2 兩因子分析（總系統執行時間） 95
4.4.2.3 最佳因子組合分析（依TST績效值） 102
4.4.3 依『Kiva 之總忙碌時間（TBT）』為績效評估值 103
4.4.3.1 主要效果項分析（Kiva 總忙碌時間） 104
4.4.3.2 兩因子分析（Kiva 總忙碌時間） 107
4.4.3.3 最佳因子組合分析（依TBT績效值） 114
4.5 實驗結論 115
第五章結論與後續建議 117
5.1 研究結論 117
5.2 未來研究建議 118
參考文獻 120
中文文獻 120
英文文獻 122

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指導教授

何應欽

審核日期

2017-7-26

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