混合物種與低溫冷凍原子團簇噴流的發展

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姓名

林政宇(Cheng-Yu Lin) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

物理學系

論文名稱

混合物種與低溫冷凍原子團簇噴流的發展
(Development of Multi-species cluster jet and Cryogenically cooled cluster jet)

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摘要(中)

在近十多年來，由於高功率雷射技術的迅速發展，使得超短脈衝雷射與原子團簇的交互作用成為一個活躍的研究領域。由於原子團簇同時具有局部密度接近固體以及氣體般的平均密度的特性，過去的研究已顯示出個別的奈米原子團簇能夠有效的吸收雷射能量而形成高游離態的奈米電漿球，可產生KeV的電子和MeV的離子、並放射出強烈的輻射其波長範圍可從EUV到硬X光。由雷射加熱的氘原子團簇產生的高能離子碰撞達成核融合也已被成功的示範出來。
過去許多研究已顯示出強場物理的實驗中，許多重要的參數都與原子團簇的大小有著密切的關係，譬如高階諧波產生中奈米電漿球折射率的演化，以及X-ray 雷射中反向制動輻射加熱(inverse bremsstrahlung heating)以及三體碰撞結合(three body recombination)的效率。為了更了解原子團簇形成的機制，以及為了產生更大的原子團簇和產生以往我們所不能產生的某些物種的原子團簇(氫氣及氘氣)，我們發展了低溫冷卻氣流閥的方法，以及量測出緩衝氣體(Buffer gas)對於原子團簇形成的影響。同時藉由量測離噴嘴出口不同高度的原子團簇大小，我們可以知道原子團簇形成的演化過程。這些結果將使得我們能更加廣泛而準確的建立實驗上能夠控制原子團簇大小的參數，同時對我們使用原子團簇作為強場物理實驗的介質提供了一個先期的試驗。

摘要(英)

With the rapid progress in high-power laser technology in the past decade, the interaction of ultrashort high-intensity laser pulses with atomic clusters has become an active field of research. As a result of their solid-like local density and gas-like average density, it has been shown that individual nanometer clusters can absorb laser energy efficiently to form highly-charged hot nanoplasmas, eject KeV electrons and MeV ions, and emit strongly from EUV to hard x-ray. Furthermore, nuclear fusion has also been demonstrated by collisions of high-energy ions produced from laser-heated deuterium clusters.
In the past many high field science researches have revealed that many important issues, such as the evolution of refractive index in high harmonic generation and the efficiency of inverse bremstrahlung heating and three body recombination in x-ray laser, are strongly dependent on cluster size.
The development of cryogenically cooled cluster jet system and the investigation of cluster formation with buffer gas are used to (1) get deeper insight into the mechanisms of cluster formation, (2) produce larger clusters, and (3) attain cluster formation of hydrogen or deuterium which cannot form clusters under room temperature. Moreover, by measuring the variation of cluster size with the distance perpendicular to nozzle exit we can investigate the evolution of cluster formation. With these methods we can establish the parameters more extensively and precisely for controlling cluster size, and these provide a preliminary study for utilizing cluster as medium in high field science research.

關鍵字(中)

★ 強場物理
★ 粒徑量測
★ 原子團簇

關鍵字(英)

★ High-field physics
★ Particle size measurement
★ Cluster

論文目次

目錄
摘要 i
Abstract ii
致謝 iii
目錄 iv
圖目 vii
1. 緒論 1
1-1研究原子團簇的歷史背景 1
1-2 原子團簇於強場物理中的應用 2
1-2-1 軟X光光源 2
1-2-2 雷射游離原子團簇產生電漿波導 3
1-2-3 核融合反應 4
1-3低溫冷卻原子團簇噴流 5
2. 原子團簇形成的基本理論與光散射理論 6
2-1 原子團簇噴流 (Cluster Jet) 系統 6
2-2 原子團簇形成的基本理論 8
2-2-1 成核反應（Nucleation reaction） 8
2-2-2 原子團簇的冷卻機制 10
2-2-3 緩衝氣體(Buffer gas)對原子團簇成長的影響 11
2-2-4 原子團簇粒徑的估計 11
3. 實驗設計與及架設 14
3-1 雷射系統簡介 14
3-2 光學診斷系統 16
3-3 干涉儀 17
3-3-1 由干涉條紋解得相位變化 17
3-3-2 由相位變化解得原子密度分佈 18
3-4 光散射偵測系統 19
3-5 原子團簇粒徑的計算與校正 20
3-6 氣體脈衝閥與低溫冷卻系統 23
3-6-1 氣體脈衝閥 23
3-6-2 低溫冷卻系統 24
4. 實驗結果與討論 26
4-1 離氣流閥噴嘴出口的距離對原子團簇形成的影響 26
4-1-1 5 mm線性(Slit)噴嘴 27
4-1-2 1 mm圓錐(Conical)噴嘴 28
4-2 初始溫度對原子團簇形成的影響 29
4-3 Rayleigh與Mie散射的比較 31
4-4背景壓力(Backing pressure)對原子團簇形成的影響 35
4-5 緩衝氣體(Buffer gas)對原子團簇形成的影響 36
5. 結論與未來展望 37
5-1 結論 37
5-2 未來展望 38
5-2-1 粒徑100 nm以上的大原子團簇粒徑量測 38
5-2-2 原子團簇組成的判定 39
參考文獻 43
A. 附錄
A-1 Rayleigh散射截面推導 47
A-2 噴嘴設計圖 49
A-3 混氣系統 49

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指導教授

陳賜原(Szu-yuan Chen)

審核日期

2007-1-9

推文