平流層侵入對東亞地區自由對流層臭氧之影響

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李嘉仁(Jia-Ren Lee) 查詢紙本館藏

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化學學系

論文名稱

平流層侵入對東亞地區自由對流層臭氧之影響

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摘要(中)

摘要
平流層侵入現象發生時會將具有高濃度臭氧的乾燥氣團，由平流層迅速的傳送至對流層中，造成平流層侵入的主因為對流層頂褶皺、鋒面系統過境、地面高壓系統和大氣高層的割離低壓。本研究使用2006-2011年間鹿林山空氣品質背景測站(23.47°N, 120.87°E, 2862 m)所量測之微量氣體和氣象資料，來判別影響東亞副熱帶地區的平流層侵入事件。

透過本研究所建之快速篩選方法，一共篩選出54個影響鹿林山測站的平流層侵入事件，研究結果顯示2006-2011年間平流層侵入事件多集中於秋末至春初(佔總事件數57% )。5年來鹿林山測站的臭氧平均濃度為32.8 ± 15.2 ppb，而侵入事件對臭氧平均增加量為13.5 ± 6.1 ppb。透過使用Modern Era Retrospective Analysis-2 (MERRA-2) 資料可將平流層侵入事件之氣團來源分為三類，分別為(1)發生於臺灣上空；(2)發生於中國華中和華南一帶後傳輸至台灣；(3)發生於西北太平洋上空後再向西南傳輸至台灣。

個案分析結果顯示夏、冬季之發生機制不同，東亞地區冬季時由於大陸高壓系統向南推移，使副熱帶噴流較靠近台灣，由對流層頂褶皺之位置可發現平流層侵入現象；夏季時由於大陸高壓與噴流系統減弱，導致平流層侵入現象之主因為颱風。鹿林山測站之高度介於中低自由對流層與邊界層之上，且不易受地面都市污染物影響，而其位置鄰近冬季副熱帶噴流南緣、夏季時為東亞地區受颱風侵襲第一線，透過本篇研究之結果證明鹿林山確實可做為東亞副熱帶地區平流層侵入之觀測點。

摘要(英)

Abstract
Stratospheric intrusion (SI) often brings ozone rich air with low humidity from the stratosphere rapidly deep into the troposphere. Tropopause folds, frontal passages, surface high-pressure systems, and cutoff lows mainly counted for the occurrence of SI. In this study we present 5 years of ozone data measured at Lulin Atmospheric Background Station (LABS, 23.47°N, 120.87°E, 2862 m a.s.l.) to investigate the characteristics of SI events occurred in the subtropical East Asia during the period of April 2006 to March 2011.

A fast-screening algorithm was proposed to sift the SI events at the LABS. The ozone was increased approximately 13.5±6.1 ppb on average during the 54 detected SI events, whereas the mean ozone mixing ratio was 32.8±15.2 ppb over the 5 years. By using the Modern Era Retrospective Analysis - 2 (MERRA-2) assimilated data provided by NASA/GSFC, three types of SI events were classified as follows - (1) SI occurred around Taiwan Island, (2) SI occurred in central China and then transported to Taiwan surrounding area, and (3) SI occurred in Northwest Pacific and then transported to Taiwan surrounding area.

From the results of case studies observed at the LABS, the subtropical jet stream was dragged to Taiwan surrounding area due to the Siberian high moving southward. As a result, SI event was occurred at tropospheric folds induced by the subtropical jet in winter. By contrast, the SI was triggered by typhoon or tropical cyclone in summer.

論文目次

目錄
摘要 i
Abstract ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 v
表目錄 ix
第一章、緒論 1
1.1 大氣臭氧的來源與分布 4
1.2 臭氧量測方法 8
1.3 平流層侵入現象之定義 10
第二章、研究方法 12
2.1 鹿林山空氣品質背景測站與儀器簡介 12
2.2 MERRA-2衛星同化再分析資料簡介 14
2.3 AIRS/Aqua衛星觀測資料簡介 17
2.4 鹿林山測站平流層侵入之判定條件 17
第三章、結果與討論 23
3.1 鹿林山測站微量氣體與水氣變化 23
3.2 台灣臭氧剖面分布 28
3.3 受平流層侵入影響之事件 30
3.3.1 發生頻率 31
3.3.2 臭氧增加量 32
3.3.3 氣團來源 34
3.4 個案分析 35
3.4.1 直接式侵入事件 (Case 1：2007/01/09、Case 2：2007/12/11) 35
3.4.2 冬季傳輸式侵入事件 (Case 3：2010/02/21、Case 4：2009/01/31) 53
3.4.3 夏季傳輸式侵入事件 (Case 5：2008/06/21、Case 6：2006/08/13) 73
第四章、結論 87
參考資料 89

參考文獻

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指導教授

林能暉(Neng-Huei Lin)

審核日期

2017-8-22

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